PACCAR System Lab Essay

1. Why did PACCAR commit such a large amount of resources to electronic systems during the recession? PACCAR decided to commit such a large amount of resources to electronic systems during the recession because they knew it was something they needed to introduce in their company to stay competitive. It also would help their staff with smart technology as it relates to navigation and engine performance. PACCAR knew that with these upgraded systems they could both have better intelligence for their customers as well as better navigation and output readings for their drivers. Even though it was during a recession, PACCAR saw this as an opportunity to do some in house improvements. 2. What are the beneï ¬ ts of PACCAR’s new navigation system and diagnostic system to truck drivers? The benefits of PACCAR’s new navigation system and diagnostic system to truck drivers are abundant. With the new diagnostic system drivers can keep an eye on anything wrong with their truck and with new software updates to only add gauges, it seems like drivers will be able to see a small problem and fix it before it becomes a bigger problem. The new navigation system shows drivers heights of bridges, weight limits on bridges, rest stops, weigh stations, and anything else a driver may need. As we all know it is hard navigating somewhere you’ve never been before. With this navigation system the driver doesn’t have to worry about any height or weight issues because the system knows any restrictions. 3. What are the beneï ¬ ts to PACCAR of collaborating with outside companies in building new systems? Some benefits to PACCAR collaborating with outside companies in building new systems are that they have an already knowledgeable group working on the new systems and that they, in turn, get taught that knowledge and can take on  the responsibility of upkeep and updating the system after it has been integrated. When you are not an expertise in software development and things like that, trying to just do everything in house can be just as, if not more expensive as getting someone to do it that knows what they are doing. Not only that, but if you mess something up, you may not even realize it until it is way too late, causing more problems. Also what better way to learn then from watching and working with someone that is an expert in the field. By gaining all of that experience and know how, PACCAR can now create updates and fix issues on their own without having to outside consult anymore, unless it is necessary. 1. Describe the reasons that Hilton decided to collaborate with IT partners rather than develop its own information systems in house. Hilton decided to collaborate with IT partners rather than develop its own information systems in house because they knew what a huge undertaking developing its own information systems would be. Hilton had different business it needed to deal with and it had no real knowledge of the IT world, so it needed some help. We know it was a huge undertaking because they asked five different companies to run five different parts of their IT. This leaves Hilton the ability to run its business and not have to worry about things like IT. 2. What are the problems associated with collaborating with ï ¬ ve large strategic IT partners? Provide speciï ¬ c examples to support your answer. Some problems associated with collaborating with five large strategic IT partners would be each company has its own strategy. For example, IBM and Microsoft do a lot of the same things, so how does Hilton decide who runs what, or who has power to adjust things over the other. Does IBM run all the data collection and storage with its server knowledge or does Microsoft because Hilton is using their software. At the same time, all of this is done wirelessly, so when there is a problem, who do we contact? The network provider, who is AT&T, or the server provider IBM. It can get tricky, but I am sure Hilton has a team that sorts these type of problems out.

Business Documents Essay

English editing (or re-writing) can cause discomfort, because it often reveals hidden weaknesses in the original document. But companies willing to accept the treatment and put in any work necessary will produce a document that shines. By turning existing, long-winded and inaccessible text into clear writing, plain English can shine an uncomfortably bright light on flaws in the original content that would otherwise remain unnoticed. The reality is that in many businesses, a lot of very talented and experienced professionals can spend an awful lot of time doing fantastic research and work only to produce a document that fails dismally to do them credit. Why do all that work if the final report, which may be so critical, simply isn’t fit for purpose? Companies and organisations are increasingly recognising that the reports they produce need to read clearly. They recognise that the text needs to be in plain English. The author is not the reader. Putting the text through the plain English editing process can polish text until it shines with clarity. That’s great if the bones of the report, the facts and figures and findings etc, are already solid. But sometimes, the editing process itself can throw up uncomfortable questions. It reveals flaws in original document, highlights waffle, questions in-house jargon, and draws attention to unsubstantiated claims. And that’s when a businesses’ true grit shows. ‘Your editing highlighted the fact that there were holes in just about every paragraph,’ one client told me. ‘The plain English showed us just how many gaps we need to fill before we can send the report to our client. ’

Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Case study - Assignment Example The general work environment also plays a significant role in developing job satisfaction and emotional stability among employees. This is substantiated on the basis of the fact that people working together affect each other’s mental and physical state. Eventually people began to behave and feel in the same way. Strong decision making is also required for experiencing happiness and long term job satisfaction. This is further linked with mood flexibility and openness to creative ideas. Happiness Coach reveals the important of leadership and the overall influence of manager on the productivity of subordinates. For instance, the happy nature of Jim Smith actually motivated his employees towards maintaining balanced emotional state while performing job responsibilities. In addition to all the factors explained in the case study employees should be equipped with emotional intelligence through different training and development sessions. Studies indicate that emotional quotient is more important as compared to acquired knowledge since the most intelligent person cannot perform better without emotional

331 U.S.1, 67 S. Ct.1047,91 L.Ed.1301,1947 U.S.3021 Essay

331 U.S.1, 67 S. Ct.1047,91 L.Ed.1301,1947 U.S.3021 - Essay Example It was the genesis of the current tax law which states that if a buyer assumes a nonrecourse debt upon the sale of a property, that assumption will be equivalent to receiving cash proceeds from the seller of the property and thus should be included in the calculation of tax. The following section gives a brief of Crane v. Commissioner. (Lau, 2007).   The petitioner’s husband died and because she was the sole beneficiary of the will, she had to inherit all the property he owned. Among the property, there was an apartment he had built on mortgage. Therefore, the petitioner contracted with the mortgaging company to continue operating the property and remit the net rental to the company. The petitioner was the sole beneficiary of the will her husband had written. Her husband owned an apartment building and a lot which were subject to a mortgage. The apartment building was valued at 255,000 US dollars. The petitioner entered into an agreement with the mortgaging company to allow her continue operating the property. The agreement allowed the petitioner to remit the net rentals to the mortgaging company. The apartment building did not have equity and this was because the outstanding balance on the mortgage and the interest in arrearage equaled the total appraisal value of the apartment. This petitioner owned the apartment for seven years and during this time, she claimed depreciation deductions. The petitioner later sold the apartment to a third party for 3000 US dollars which she paid 500 US dollars for expenses incurred during the selling process. The third party also took the apartment subject to a mortgage. Because the petitioner believed that she had no basis on t he property, she took zero depreciation, and thus, the sale of the property generated a gain of 2500 US dollars. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue determined that the petitioner had realized a net taxable gain of 23, 767.03 US dollars. The Commissioner’s theory was that the property was not

Strategic Management of publically lisied company Essay

Strategic Management of publically lisied company - Essay Example The objective of the study is to measure Apple Inc’s current challenges and their strategies to cope up with them. Strategic analysis is the method of conducting research on a company’s internal and external business environment in which it operates, in order to formulate a suitable strategy (Rigby, 2001). There are a number of tools of strategic analysis such as PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, Porters five forces, Value chain analysis which will be described in details in context of Apple Corporation. Additionally, strategic planning involves defining the company’s mission, goals and objectives which initiates effective strategy formulation (Luo, 2008). Also, the viability of Apple Inc’s current strategy and recommended strategies depending on its business environment will be evaluated in details through this study. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities and provides a view of a company’s current and could-be position. SWOT analysis is conducted to evaluate Apple Inc’s current position and strategies with respect to its internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) environment (Cravens, Piercy & Baldauf, 2009). PEST stands for political, economic, social and technological factors which are macro-environmental factors that affect the decision making and strategy formulation of an organization (Cravens, Piercy & Baldauf, 2009). In case of Apple Inc., this analysis will help to analyze the current and projected position of the company. Political factors- In the recent years, 52% of Apples sales were outside America and it also manufactures many of its goods outside the country (Barney, 2001). Political conflicts in any of the countries such as China, Korea and Ireland in which it operates will have terrible effects on the business of Apple Inc. Economic factors- The economic depression can result to a wide

Our Bandit Future Cities, Shantytowns, and Climate Change Governance Essay

Our Bandit Future Cities, Shantytowns, and Climate Change Governance - Essay Example The researcher states that the effects of climate change on the world's cities and the people who live in them are not subjects that have received a great deal of attention, at least not in isolation from other climate change effects. Climate change effects tend to get considered in continental or regional terms: melting ice caps, agricultural crop losses across vast swaths of land, and shoreline loss that will inundate sub-continents. Alternately, the discussion tends to focus on behavioral change, again at the level of entire national populations, suggesting that countries must consider using cleaner energy sources, producing cleaner-burning vehicles, and providing incentives for citizens to insulate their homes better. Many, if not most, commentators seem to endorse the view that resolution of climate change challenges should be addressed at the global level and enforced by state parties pursuant to global accords. More recently, there has been some discussion of the inequalities that climate change will exacerbate. Crudely put, the analysis posits that poorer nations, especially those in Asia and Africa, will become poorer, while the richer nations will--if they do not become richer--suffer fewer of the negative consequences of climate change. In light of these differential climate change effects on poorer nations, some analysts have explored the probability of increased civil strife. However, even when the literature examines effects of climate change on civil strife, the analysis tends to address national roles and bilateral or multilateral national responses. (5) Furthermore, when land use changes are discussed, urban land use is typically excluded from consideration. The focus tends to be on deforestation and agricultural land. (6) This debate strikingly neglects what is arguably the dominant demographic shift of  our  era, namely the global trend towards urbanization--the move to mega-cities. As the United Nations Population Fund reports, in 2008, a majority of the world's population will live in urban areas. That number is expected to increase by another 50% by 2030. (7) In historical terms, it is impossible to understate the significance of this phenomenon, especially inasmuch as the vast majority of these urban immigrants will arrive with few resources and live in slum conditions. (8) Moreover, perhaps the characteristic feature of many such slums is that they are dominated by the informal economy, characterized by oppressive systems of patronage, corruption, and violence. (9) As the world gets hotter, this seems likely to create a--perhaps literally--combustible situation. (10) A host of factors, including environmental degradation, inadequate provision of environmental and infrastructure services, and limited employment opportunities are combining to turn many of the world's mega-slums into dangerous, violent places. (11) Moreover, there is considerable literature that has examined the relationship between increased urba n violence and temperature rise. (12) It does not seem unreasonable, therefore, to posit a connection between climate change and urban violence, one that calls

Think Small First Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Think Small First - Essay Example    This research tells that the entire process of running a corporation appeared as if the entire company administration was not running a business but doing clerical jobs with official departments managing company affairs. Smaller companies were not regarding worth consideration whenever any change or amendment was required in company legislation, whereas the fact is that bigger companies emerge only from smaller setups. It was a sort of degradation of corporate system of business administration. The present company legislation has changed the entire scenario and brought in simplified procedures and practices to encourage small entities to incorporate businesses following the revolutionary provisions promulgated under the Companies Act 2006. The provisions of the Companies Act, 2006 will be fully effective from October 2009. The motto is to think small first in order to grow bigger. With this background, the different provisions of the Companies Act 2006 are examined hereunder to find out the realities. One of the objectives of the Companies Act 2006 is to ‘think small first.’ This ‘key theme behind the Act is to reflect realities of companies in operation today. Much of the current system is predicated on the basis of large companies, whereas the vast majority of the companies are an owner- managed with five or fewer persons involved. Therefore, one of the stated aims of reform is to simplify the creation and operations of private companies, based around a ‘think small first’ approach.’ In this way reform of regulation of smaller and private companies has taken the center stage with the changes brought in by the Companies Act, 2006. The main changes brought in by the Companies Act,2006 for small companies related to the formation of the company, carrying out routine business like resolutions and meetings, accounts and auditing, and financial assistance and capital maintenance. The formation of the company has become a simp le procedure now as compared to earlier legislation.

Prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prompt - Essay Example Prince Hamlet’s spiritual reckoning with his dead Father and his trust in him motivates him to kill Claudius.(Thesis) In this play the main theme is the revenge of Prince Hamlet and his expedition to kill his Father’s murderer. Here the King, who is Hamlet’s Father was killed by his brother – in law for wealth and power. Claudius being the murderer of King, marries his wife that is his sister and rules Denmark .Hamlet being ignorant of these facts gets encountered by his Father’s soul and understands the reality. Hence forth, he is motivated to kill Claudius by trusting his Father’s spirit’s words Claim 1 : Hamlet’s spiritual reckons his dead Father In this play ‘Hamlet’ the prince Hamlet is guided by his father’s spirit and this proves that death is not an end to life. The prince hears that some people have witnessed his father’s spirit and he believes in the same. Afterwards , he himself encounter hi s father ‘s spirit which gives him an insight about his father’s death and the person who is behind it. ... Here in this case of Prince Hamlet, he believes in spirit and after life only after he had experienced it. He have heard of his Father’s ghostly presence from outsiders , but when he comes in contact with it in reality , he gets more indulged in the concept of spirit. His father let out the fact that he was murdered by Claudius and he wants his son to take revenge for it. Evidence : Spirituality The concept of spirituality proves that human body is merely matter and the main force which directs body and psyche is human spirit. This spirit is the soul that exists in human body and it is indestructible and unconquerable. In case of unnatural death the soul or spirit of a human is believed to be wandering on earth to take out it’s vengeance on their enemy. This aspect can be evident in the play when people said to have find the spirit of the King previously to Prince Hamlet‘s vision of it After encountering his Father’s spirit , Hamlet gets obsessed with the c oncept of death and views death and spirit from various angles. He is concerned about spirits awakening after death and the concept of ghost on a wider perspective. Although spirits existence is reality and there is scientific facts exists regarding it. Example – Believing in spirit is filled with uncertainty. Spirits lives in other realm of life and believing them is filled with risk and uncertainty. This is because none can establish the true motive of spirits. The spirit can announce many things with less authenticity or truthful background. If one believe in them ,then he may have to take actions which is unethical and immoral just to satisfy the wavering intentions of the encountered spirit. It is not really sensible to trust on the words of spirit as

Topic about non-pofit and non-governmental organizations Essay

Topic about non-pofit and non-governmental organizations - Essay Example The greatest challenge confronted by NPOs today is the emergence of financial shortages posed by regular government cutbacks resulting in funders who prefer supporting short-term projects rather than long-term activities. NPOs immensely rely on their volunteers for various tasks such as fundraising, performing office works and other tasks related with the NPOs. Besides, the increasing competition among the NPOs have resulted in diminishing funding and raised various difficulties in acquiring corporate support. It has been majorly influenced by this aspect that the small non-profit organizations have emerged as the prime sufferers of the intense organizational competition (Stowe & Barr, 2005). Consequently, many NPOs have tailored programs limited towards meeting the needs of funders, only which has increased the risk of ‘mission drift’ among both large and small NPOs (Cheng & Mohamed, 2010). In the similar context, the structure of NGOs may take several forms such as lar ge or small, bureaucratic or flexible as well as it may be practiced in an informal or formal form. NGOs largely rely on its supporters and volunteers as well as on its staffs with the intention of availing adequate manpower in order to satisfy the organizational objectives. Similar to NPOs, funds are required by the NGOs as well to support their charitable operations (Australian Council for International Development, 2010). It is in this context that the fundraising costs of NGOs at times are observed to be problematic by a certain extent. Correspondingly, the activities related to fundraising of NGOs may be affected by inter-organizational factors including organizational values, resources and other external factors such as restrictions posed by government laws and regulations. The common fundraising sources that are adopted by organizations include government grants, roadside collections, special events, membership and online donations among others (Cheng & Mohamed, 2010). NPOs a nd NGOs are important elements of any society that aims to benefit the citizens to raise their living standard and seek cooperation from other to help them in performing their tasks efficiently. Nonetheless, it is not an easy task for the organizations to conduct activities conveniently as several factors act as hindrances in this context. For instance, in the current era, human sympathies are often considered as insufficient for reforming societies or eliminating social causes such as poverty, illiteracy, and other social causes or rescuing people during natural calamities rendering greater significance monetary values and economic benefits. Therefore, funds, as well as skilled and hard working staffs are also required in order to efficiently meet the challenges faced by the citizens of various nations (Australian Council for International Development, 2010). The organizations often obtain grants provided by governments and donations collected from various people and members which in most instances prove to be inadequate in meeting the financial requirements. Furthermore, with the increase in the human population, the vulnerability of unfavorable circumstances also tends to be increased. In this course, the organizations need to expand their area of

All Souls Essay Essay Example for Free

All Souls Essay Essay All Souls Essay In the memoir All Souls, by Michael Patrick MacDonald, one significant event that takes place were the busing movements, along with the riots that followed. During the 70s, when Michael was very young and in grade school, the Boston busing crisis began. The Boston government began busing kids to schools in different neighborhoods, in an attempt to desegregate schools. This caused mass outrage in many areas, especially Southie. Outside of Southie and the projects, society expected people accept these changes and to accept the desegregation. But in Michael’s community, everybody was against this, and took violent actions against it. By both his family and his community, Michael was expected to be against the busing movements. As it would turn out, Michael was also against it. He went as far as to throw rocks at the buses coming into his town. He described it as shameful if you did not partake at least a little bit in the violent acts. This example of the busing is a great example of how one’s mind is influenced by others. Here, Michael can be influenced by one of two sides; larger â€Å"outside† society telling him to accept the busing, or his family and small community telling him to deny it. I feel as if no matter who or what, one is much more influenced by the ones closest to them, whether it be a close family or a close community. Michael describes in the book that at many points, it feels like it’s Southie vs. the World. And no matter what, as another member of the Southie community, Michael will side with his home.

The Causes Of The Spanish Civil War History Essay

The Causes Of The Spanish Civil War History Essay The Spanish civil war is frequently remembered as a crucial and important moment in the history of Spanish people. To be possible to understand how thousands of persons were killed during this war, it must be ask why the Spanish civil war broke out in first place. In fact, there are five main reasons or causes (fig.1) which almost simultaneously led to the civil war in Spain in 1936. Before the Spanish civil war Spain was ruled by the king but due the great depression that drove the country into an economic collapse and massive unemployment in Spain and as a result the king was forced to abdicate on 14 April 1931 and Spain becomes a republic. The new republic emerges and immediately faced a number of major problems due the current circumstances: Two important regions in Spain wanted independence Catalonia and the Basque region. Had their requests been successful, it would have lead to the breakup of Spain. The Roman Catholic Church was hostile to the republic and the republic was hostile to the highly influential Roman Catholic Church. The government believed that the army had too much say in politics and determined to reduce its influence. Spain was primarily an agricultural nation and the 1930s depression had hit prices for crops. Prime exports such as olive oil and wine fell in value and previously used agricultural land fell into disuse. The little industry that Spain had was also hit by the Depression. Iron and steel were especially hit as no one had the money to pay for the products. Iron production fell by 33% and steel by 50%. Unemployment in both agriculture and industry rose and those in work had to put up with a cut in wages as the economy struggled to survive the Depression. The Republic faced losing the support of those whose support it desperately needed the working class. (http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/causes_spanish_civil_war.htm) There are several versions or way to tell about the Spanish civil war however this essay will focus only in the causes of the Spanish civil war and how theses causes had led to the Spanish civil war. Figure1: The main five causes of the Spanish civil war (http://www.scribd.com/doc/2530517/Causes-of-the-Spanish-Civil-War-Conclusion) The main causes for the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and why these causes had lead Spain into the Spanish civil war The Political Situation in Spain (1931 to 1936). Disparate most of the other countries of Western Europe at that time, the Spain have never completed its revolution. Significant economic and social sectors of the country remained under the control of the feudal classes. In other hand the weak and vacillating bourgeoisie was unsuccessful in take effective measures to insure social and economical progress while the economic and political privileges of the dominant classes were left intact. As a result of this the progress and development of some sectors were suppressed during the 19th century until the situation of 1931. On April 13 of 1931 unsolvable contradictions between the financial, landowning and the popular forces reached the point of rupture and the king was forced to abdicate giving place to the Second Republic. Throughout the year 1932 the working class was divided into social democracy and anarchist tendencies. The communist Party was not sufficiently strong to assert its leadership of the labour movement. (http://www.mltranslations.org/Spain/civilwar.htm) In 1933, in response to the actual situation, during two years, the government unleashed a severe campaign of repression and terror known as the Bienio Negro. Furthermore, in October 1934 the formation of the Popular Front was begun with an extensive popular uprising against the government, especially in Asturias, Madrid and Barcelona (see fig. 2). The formation of the Popular Front had strong Communist support and participation. On 15th January 1936, Manuel Azaà ±a helped to establish a coalition of parties on the political left to fight the national elections taking place on following month. This included the Socialist Party (PSOE), Communist Party (PCE) and the Republican Union Party. The Popular Front, as the coalition became known, advocated the restoration of Catalan autonomy, amnesty for political prisoners, agrarian reform, an end to political blacklists and the payment of damages for property owners who suffered during the revolt of 1934. The Anarchists refused to support the coalition and instead urged people not to vote. (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPelections.htm) In the elections of 1936, the forces of reaction suffered a devastating defeat mainly because its management was weak and vacillating. However, its fatal mistake was to ignore the repeated warnings of the Communist Party in honour the election agreement, the reaction to defeat was not taken quietly. Therefore when Franco attacked on July 18 of 1936, the country was completely unprepared for the attack and the civil war begun. Regional situation (1936 -1939) The regional situation begun much before 1936 however the situation stars to intensify violently in 1921when an army was sent to Spanish Morocco to bring down a rebellion, critics said that was a massacre and that just emphasise how incompetent Spains government was. In the following years, Spain people experienced a new regime when King Alfonso agreed that General Primo de Rivera should take control of Spain. He ruled as a military dictator until 1930. Riveras approach to leadership was fully supported by Alfonso. However, Rivera did not display the classic features of a dictator. He introduced public works schemes building roads and irrigating the land. Industrial production increased by three times from 1923 to1930. Rivera also ended the rebellion in Morocco in 1925. (http://www.lacolumna.org.uk/article_asturian%20uprising.htm) Just after the morocco incident, in 1934the northern province of Asturias arose (Popular Front), not against progress, but for it and against the newly elected right wing government. The Asturias revolt was of enormous significance to the Spanish people. In the first place, it showed the capitalists and land holders that the people were not going to wait further but were going to divide the land and control their jobs. In the second place the Asturias revolt taught the people that to win they would have to expel the government and perform their own laws and traditions. In the third place combating the government make the workers and toilers understand the value of unity in action and the meaning of revolution also gave them great experiences in the art of civil war. The defeat of the workers forced the revolutionary identities to take to parliamentary activity in the next election. Anyway, Asturias was at the time a region with great potential for progress. In fact, Asturias was among the most industrialised areas of Spain in the 1930s just like Catalonia and Basque (see fig.2) which wanted their independence because of the diversity of employment in Asturias, the traditional competitive unions (CNT National Confederation of Labour and the UGT General Union of Employers), represented members in the industries, agriculture and service sectors. They were prepared when the crisis came. Hence, the present government could not allow the country to split out by giving them the independence, these provinces were actually essential for the country progress and development as a whole taking into consideration its industrialization and geographic location, see map below . http://www.lacolumna.org.uk/article_asturian%20uprising.htm In summary such regions were more advanced organizationally and industrially comparing with the rest of the country therefore they wanted the independence not just because of its socio-economic advantage but also to keep their traditions such as benefits (reform), language and habits. Later, the traditional language was prohibited in those acts involving the public administration or the mass media, being only tolerated at some folkloric or clerical activities but in other hand the most important reason was that the people in these regions wanted make themselves free of the oppression and incompetency of the present government and this in fact contributed considerably for the Spanish civil war broke out in 1936. Figure 2: The Spanish map showing the locations of Asturias, Catalonia, and Basque just before the war in 1936 (Frances Lannon, Page 10) Socio-economic situation Not hindering the fact that Spain were already in the middle of political and regional crisis when the World Wide Recession reached Spain the country was upside down, World Wide Recession had led to a dramatic cut in the demand for coal and to reduce costs the mine owners have reduced the wages and employees. Simultaneously, the National Federation of Farm Workers was cut in the agrarian reform and as result became involved in a bloody strike in June 1934. The Civil Guard had been called in to deal with strikes in industrial areas in May and September of the same year. On 1st September an attack on a Socialist Womens meeting by the Civil Guard saw 6 people killed. All this was boiling away and by October the region was ready for revolt. The election of a right wing government and their hostility in relation to reforms was the final straw. (http://www.lacolumna.org.uk/article_asturian%20uprising.htm) The liberal-left alliance which has ruled the first Republican government collapsed. This let in a right wing coalition which included ministers from the extreme CEDA (Confederatià ³n Espanola de Derechas Autà ³nomas) party. On the 3rd October, CEDAs assumption of the Agriculture, Labour and Justice Ministries seemed to point in Fascism by legal means, as elections had done in Germany and Austria. Across Spain attempts at a General Strike faltered and failed. http://www.lacolumna.org.uk/article_asturian%20uprising.htm The historic privileges of the Roman Catholic Church were reduced and Priests are now paid by the Roman Catholic Churchs chest. The government and the Roman Catholic Church were made two separate entities which should be like that since the beginning. Religious education in schools was stopped. Many army officers were made to retire early, the wages of those who worked in industry were increased but they were to be paid by the owners of those industries not by the government. Industries had to deal with the lack of energy resources and the weakness of the domestic Spanish market. They were helped out by protectionist policies, which reduced the competition from foreign products. As in so much of Europe, the popular classes were moulded into an industrial proletariat, living and working in inhuman conditions. (http://www.mltranslations.org/Spain/civilwar.htm) Due to all this circumstances the socio-economic situation could be highlighted as one of the main factors that contribute for beginning of the Spanish civil war, the lack of jobs, the poverty, the political regime and the governments abuse of power let the people more susceptive to create a revolt. Religious situation Accià ³n Nacional traced its ideological lineage to the social Catholic movements initiated in the late nineteenth century by Pope Leo XIII. Originally conceptualized in the Rerum Novarum of 1891, social Catholicism presented itself as an alternative to Socialism, arguing for the peaceful coexistence of capital and labour. It argued in favour of social reforms but rejected class struggle and collectivization in favour of social justice and the extension of property ownership, explaining that cooperation more effectively sustained workers rights. The Catholic political intervention make the social Catholicism became the basis for Catholic movements throughout Europe, most notably in France, Germany, Belgium, and Italy, (Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum, 1891). Azaà ±a believed that the Catholic Church was responsible for Spains backwardness. He defended the elimination of special privileges for the Church on the grounds that Spain had ceased to be Catholic. Azaà ±a was criticized by the Catholic Church for not doing more to stop the burning of religious buildings in May 1931. He controversially remarked that burning of all the convents in Spain was not worth the life of a single Republican. The establishment of the Second Republic 1931 several reforms suggested the loss of wealth and privilege for the wealthy, the church and the army. Example: Agrarian Law 1932 allowed the distribution of all unworked estates over 56 acres to the peasantry; The church and the State was separated, the Jesuit order was expelled (and its assets expropriated), divorce was legalized etc.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦; In the Army 40% of the officer corps was retired, republican officers were appointed and soldiers were now liable to civil law (not as before only military law!). The progressive alliance of Republicans and Socialists were in power 1931 until 1933 when they were replaced by a more conservative government. CEDA (Confederatià ³n Espanola de Derechas Autonomas). CEDA had been established as a reaction to the Republican policies this was the united right. The governments between 1933 and February 1936 tried to slow down and erode the advances that been made the previous years Military situation The victory of fascism in Spain has for the present time blocked the march to socialism. In making this critique, however, we do not mean to demean its great accomplishments. For after all is said and done, the Communist Party of Spain was the soul of the war, the most heroic and self-sacrificing of all the political parties involved. Without its leadership and support the people of Spain would have been crushed in a few weeks and would not have been able to inflict such heavy losses on the fascists. Mao Tsetung has shown that the fact that objective conditions are right does not automatically insure victory. What is needed in addition is the conscious activity of man that is, how the war is directed and carried out. Our national war against fascism was by nature a just war. The Popular Front enjoyed the overwhelming support of the popular masses. Although the international situation was difficult, never has there been such a display of solidarity with any cause. And yet the war was not won. Hence, the logical conclusion is that the conscious activity of the Party was misdirected; that it did not know the proper way to carry on the war. The government tried to attack those it deemed as having too many privileges in society. But by doing this it angered all those sectors in society that had the potential to fight back the military, industrialists, land owners and the Roman Catholic Church. These four (potentially very powerful bodies) were unwilling to support the republican government in Madrid. They were also aware that there were countries in Europe that would be willing to give support to their plight as many nations in Europe were scared of communism and Stalins Russia. Fascist Italy under Mussolini would be an obvious ally as would Germany once Hitler had got power in January 1933. In January 1932, a number of army officers tried to overthrow the government lead by Manuel Azana, the prime minister. The attempt was unsuccessful as the army, for now, was loyal to the government after all, it had won the elections fairly and, therefore, had legitimacy. However, a new political party was formed called the Ceda. This was a right wing party dedicated to protecting the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and landlords. The government of Azana, having lost support from the right, also lost support from the left. Two powerful left wing political parties, the anarchists and syndicalists (powerful trade union groups), felt that Azanas government was too middle of the road. Both wanted a more communistic state and the overthrow of capitalism. Above all, Azana was despised for forming a political union with the middle ground in Spains political life. He was deemed to have betrayed the working class. The extreme left organised strikes and riots in an effort to destabilise the government of Azana. Matters came to a head when in January 1933, 25 people were killed by government troops who were attempting to catch some anarchists near Cadiz. This lost the government a great deal of support among the working class and the socialists withdrew their support from the government. Azana resigned as prime minister and elections were called for November 1933. In this election, the right wing won a majority of support and the largest party in the parliament (known as the Cortes), was the Ceda lead by Gil Robles. The new right wing government immediately over-turned all of the changes brought in by the Azana government. This angered many but especially the Catalans who had their privileges withdrawn. This was a serious error of judgement as the Catalans and Basques had supported the government in the elections. The way ahead for Robles became clear to many an attack on the left wing parties of Spain. It forced the many parties of the left to come together to form the Popular Front. They organised strikes, riots and took part in acts of violence such as derailing main line trains. In 1934 there was a general strike. Coal miners in the Asturias went on strike but were ruthlessly put down by the army lead by General Franco. Spain appeared to be heading for all out chaos. In a last minute attempt to avoid serious trouble, a general election was called for February 1936. In this election, the Popular Front won and Azana, once again became prime minister. However, the government of the Popular Front was a farce after the socialists withdrew their support from it; more and more public disturbances occurred and the government had clearly lost control of Spain. In July 1936, a leading right wing politician, Sotelo, was murdered and the right wing politicians and their supporters believed that they were now in serious danger. They wanted to put their faith in a military dictatorship. The military had, in fact, already made preparations for a takeover of Spain. General Franco assumed control of the military. He took control of Spanish Morocco after overthrowing the civilian government there. His next target was to invade mainland Spain, establish a military government there and rid the country of all those involved in left wing politics. The left would have to fight for survival. The civil war started in July 1936. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/causes_spanish_civil_war.htm The emergence and ideological characteristics of Basque and Catalan nationalism in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Spain are a dramatic expression of conflict between modernity and tradition in the ethnically heterogeneous Spanish state. Confirming Nairs theory of peripheral nationalism, uneven development in Spain during the nineteenth century overlapped with spatially delimited ethnic communities, Catalans and Basques, thus enhancing their ethnic identity and facilitating the expression of class conflict in nationalist terms. However, the social bases and the ideologies of peripheral nationalism in each region eventually came to reflect the different patterns of development that they experienced and the relative economic power of their capitalist à ©lites. These structural factors shaped the Basque and Catalan nationalist movements through their influence on class conflict and class alliances within the Basque Country and Catalonia, as well as conflict and alliances b etween these classes and the Spanish state. Of course, differences between Basque and Catalan nationalism cannot be explained in purely structural terms. The developmental factors I have outlined in this article helped to reproduce longer-term cultural and economic processes, which had progressively defined the cultural identity of the upper classes in Catalonia and the Basque Country. Describing and explaining this process, however, exceeds the objectives set for this article. This comparison of Basque and Catalan nationalism shows that overdevelopment does not necessarily lead to bourgeois or other pro industrialization nationalistic ideologies. In particular he Basque case illustrates that, as long as the leading classes of overdeveloped regions are able to influence state political and economic decisions, they will refrain from the formulation of nationalist programs. Moreover, the Basque case shows that in the analysis of peripheral nationalism, scholars should focus simultaneously on the relationships established between the different social classes in the peripheral community and the central state and on those established between classes within the peripheral community. In 1936, the main part of the Christian democrat PNV sided with the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War. The promise of autonomy was valued over the ideological differences, especially on the religious matter, and PNV decided to support the republican legal government, including member of the Popular Front. Autonomy was granted in October 1936. A republican autonomous Basque government was created, with Josà © Antonio Agirre (PNV) as Lehendakari (president) and ministers from the PNV and other republican parties (mainly leftist Spanish parties). conclusion The Spanish Civil War contributed to bringing about the Second World War most historians argue that the Spanish Civil War was the prelude to the Second World War. Though A.J.P. Taylor, a famous revisionist, has a different opinion (in his classic book The Origins of the Second World War) he argues that the Spanish Civil War was without significant effect in causing the Second World War. He also criticizes the Anglo-French appeasement policy British and French policy, or lack of it, not the policy of Hitler and Mussolini, decided the outcome of the Spanish civil war. The republic had greater recourses, greater popular backing. It could win if it received the correct treatment to which it was entitled by international law: foreign arms for the legitimate government, none for the rebels. It could even win if both sides received foreign aid, or if both were denied it.

The Odyssey: The Use Of Hubris :: essays research papers

â€Å"There is no safety in unlimited hubris† (McGeorge Bundy). The dictionary defines hubris as overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance. In The Odyssey, Homer embodies hubris into the characters Odysseus, the Suitors, and the Cyclopes. Odysseus shows hubris when he is battling the Cyclopes, the Cyclopes show hubris when dealing with Odysseus, and the Suitors show it when Odysseus confronts them at his home. To start, within the course of The Odyssey, Odysseus displays hubris through many of his actions. The most prominent instance in which Odysseus shows hubris is while he and his men are trying to escape from the Cyclops Polyphemus. They drug the monster until it passes out, and then stab him with a timber in his single eye. Polyphemus, now blinded, removes the gigantic boulder blocking Odysseus’ escape, and waits for the men to move, so he can kill them. The men escape from the cave to their boat by tying themselves under flocks of rams, so they can easily slip by. Odysseus, now proud after beating the giant, starts to yell at Polyphemus, instead of making a silent escape. Odysseus’ men ask him to stop before Polyphemus would â€Å"get the range and lob a boulder† (436). But Odysseus shows hubris by saying that if they were to meet again, Odysseus would â€Å"take your life† and â€Å"hurl you down to hell!† (462; 463). Polyphemus, now extremely angr y with Odysseus, prays to his father, Poseidon, to make Odysseus â€Å"never see his home† again, and after which, throws a mountain towards the sound of Odysseus’ voice. (470). Because of Odysseus’ hubris after blinding Polyphemus, Poseidon grants the prayer, and it takes Odysseus 20 years to return home, at the cost of the lives of all his men. Next, Polyphemus demonstrates hubris by believing that because he is a giant, he is unbeatable by anyone, even a god. This is shown when Odysseus meets Polyphemus and greets him with gifts, as it is a custom to show courtesy to hosts and guests alike, (unexpected or not). Failure to give gifts can lead to revenge from the gods. Odysseus tells Polyphemus this, but Polyphemus â€Å"would not let you go for fear of Zeus† because the Cyclopes â€Å"have more force by far †. (205; 200) Polyphemus then angers the gods further by kidnapping and eating Odysseus’ men, both of which are considered extremely uncivil in Greek society. Polyphemus is so confident in his invulnerability he lets the men roam free inside the cave, a mistake that leads to his downfall.

How to Rule the Airways Essay -- Papers

How to Rule the Airways Scriptwriting for radio is considered to be harder than scriptwriting for film and TV as the writers cannot use sight and must portray the story through sound and dialogue. In this short discussion I will be talking about the linguistic conventions and syntax and vocabulary also I will be discussing style and structure purpose and genre. The first thing is linguistic conventions this is basically the different types of ways they structure their sentences to make them sound good to the audience. 1.0Linguistic conventions: There are a lot of linguistic conventions in radio scripts and I will identify some of these now: 1.1Alliteration: Alliteration is using words with the same starting letters in a row to slow down or speed up the speech of the words spoken an example of this is peter piper picked a peck of pickled pepper although there is some words in the middle of the sentence that do not start with the same letter, it does not matter as they are short and are joining words which are spoken so fast it does not matter that they are there. The example I have just written is the example of using alliteration to slow down speech if you can also use it to point out particular words and to make a point. 1.2Onomatopoeia: Onomatopoeia is used to replace sounds with words, where words are used instead of sounds like instead of a bee buzzing they would say buzz instead of a buzzing sound they use this in radio to either make a joke or to make you understand the sound that they are hearing. 1.3Oxymorons: Oxymoron’s are used in radio scripts sometimes to confuse or to amplify the meaning of words. ... ...es to conform to their target audience so like a news broadcast would appeal to old people or middle aged people its purpose is to entertain their audience and they do this many different ways using many types of linguistic conventions mentioned above. 5.0 Genre: There are many different genres for radio scripts two of these are comedy and drama you do get others. These two types of genre are commonly used as that is what most people like to listen to on the radio another one is music as that is what the audience is attracted to. The Genres are different as there are different types of people who like different sorts of things so they can change the genre during the show from a comedy then to a drama to keep a wide range of listeners. bibliography http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/vclass/terms.htm

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: Free Essays on 1984

The Orwell’s perception of an ideal government is pretty much the same as Montesqueue describes in â€Å"Persian letters†. They both seem to think that the best government would be one in which power was balanced among three groups of officials. As opposed to totalitarian regime of the Party, Montesque’s ideal government would be the government elected by people and not a product of a despotic ruler’s ideas. He, as well as the Orwell believed that the success of democracy- a government in which the people have the power - depended upon maintaining the right balance of power. Moreover, the only way of achieving this would be dividing power onto three branches: an authority that enforced laws (like a king), Parliament, which made laws, and the judges in courts who interpreted laws. According to Montesqueue it is called ‘separation of powers’. Avoiding placing too much power on one individual or group of individuals would certainly prevent total itarian governments of coming into existence. Therefore, no branch of the government could threaten the freedom of the people. Orwell’s society displays a threatening projection of a totalitarian system into the future. Indeed it is a regime very similar to the tyrannies of the 20th century and strongly echoes Stalin Russia or Nazi Germany. The dominant mood inside this repressive system is one of threat and suppression due to the systematic persecution and oppression of non-conformists. As Goldstein explains in his ‘Oligarchical Collectivism’ there have always been three classes: the high, the middle and the low with the middle and the high constantly changing their respective position. Eventually this movement was identified by historians as being cyclical. In an attempt to interrupt this recurring pattern the Party is essentially focusing on the problem of Stability. Indeed Stability becomes principal in Oceania as well as in the other two superpowers Eastasia and Eurasia. In short it is the problem of how to keep things the way they are and maintain a hierarchical society without risk ing an overthrow of the established system. Several devices and attitudes have been conceived to achieve this aim. First of all the Party constantly controls and monitors its subjects. A crucial device in this scheme is the telescreen which, by being able to send as well as to receive information, allows a constant surveillance of all Party members. In addition other institutions such as the Thought Police or the Spies have been contrived to guarantee a maximum of surveillance.

My Web Site

3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT STUDY The requirements gathering process is intensified and focused specifically on software. Software requirements analysis encompasses understanding the information domain for the software as well as required function, performance, behavior and interfacing. Requirements for both the system and the software are documented and reviewed with the customer. 1. DESIGN Software design is a multi-step process that focuses on four distinct attributes of a program: data structure, software architecture, interface representation, and procedural details.The design process translates requirements into a representation of the software that can be assessed for quality before code generation begins. The design is documented and becomes part of the software configuration. 2. CODE GENERATION The design is translated into a machine – readable form. If design is performed in a detailed manner, code generation can be accomplished mechanistically. 3. TESTING The testing proc ess focuses on the logical internals of the software, assuring that all statements have been tested, and on the functional externals i. e. onducting tests to uncover errors and ensure that defined input will produce actual results that agree with required results. 4. MAINTENANCE Software maintenance applies to following phases in the existing program: a. Change in software due to errors. b. Change in software because the software must be adapted to accommodate changes in its external environment. c. Change in software when the customer requires functional or performance enhancements. 1. USER CHARACTERISTICS Analyzing user characteristics is an important aspect of any project.It allows the team to clearly define and focus on who the end users are for the project. Also, it allows the team to check the progress of the project to ensure the team is still writing the product for the correct users. REGISTERED USER This user has to have at least WINDOWS 2000 OS and Internet browsing skills for administrating the system. 2. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS †¢ SERVER o Hardware Requirements: |Sr. No |Components |Description | |1 |Processor |P-4 2. GHz | |2 |Main Memory (RAM) |128 MB DDR | |3 |Hard Disk |40 GB | |4 |Others I/O Devices |15 â€Å" Color Monitor | |5 |LAN Card |100 MBPS | o Software Requirements: ? Microsoft . NET Framework 2. 0 ? Microsoft Internet Explorer 5. 0 ? Microsoft Internet information Services †¢ CLIENT o Hardware Requirements: Sr. No |Components |Description | |1 |Processor |P-4 2. 0 GHz | |2 |Main Memory (RAM) |128 MB DDR | |3 |Hard Disk |10 GB | |4 |Others I/O Devices |15 â€Å" Color Monitor | |5 |LAN Card |100 MBPS | Software Requirements ? Internet Explorer 5. 0 3. CONSTRAINTS 1. Hardware Limitations †¢ The limitation of hardware is that there must be WINDOWS 98 OS or higher version and in no other version of WINDOWS OS this project cannot work. †¢ The other limitation is that there must be minimum 128 MB RAM (in clie nt) PC without that the . NET framework 2005 can’t be installed and also the PC must have P-4 2. 0 GHz processor. 2. Software Limitations †¢ In this project . NET framework 2008 is used so it can’t work on . NET framework 2003. 3. Other Constraints †¢ The registered users have to do his/her login each time at a time of accessing the site. At a time more than one user can access the application. 4. Parallel Operation †¢ At a time more than one user can access the application. 5. High Order Language Requirement †¢ Front End: AJAX toolkit †¢ Back End: Internet Information Server (5. 0) 6. Safety & Security Considerations †¢ If any user wants to access any information regarding the project then he/she has to login into the application using the password given to him/her. 7. Assumptions & Dependencies †¢ Project will be designed to be maintainable in the future. †¢ Recovery and back-up services will be provided by system administrator .

Developmental Profile †Cognitive

The classroom is the venue with which a child learns how to use his/her cognitive abilities for greater understanding and mastery of educational skills like reading, problem solving, critical thinking and hypothesis testing. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development shows that each person undergoes cognitive milestones which have to be attained by a child before he/she can go into the next stage. Each stage is composed of cognitive skills that have to do with the cognitive processing of information (Atherton, 2005).For example, in the early stages a child first knows that he/she is separate from other people. Next, he/she is able to use language and can identify objects and what they represent. The school age child normally is able to think logically; makes use of number, mass and weight conservation and classify objects in terms of various characteristics. The last stage is when the child can think abstractly and test hypothesis as well as be concerned with ideological thinkin g and problems (Atherton, 2005).The classroom offers different activities that promote the learning of this cognitive sills, as well as delivering information and knowledge in ways that are cognitively appropriate for their age. This developmental profile report shows how the teacher supports the cognitive development of her students through the instructional approaches he/she uses in the classroom. Ms. Lisa is a 4th grade teacher, she is well aware that children are still in the concrete stage and that they are more able to understand the lessons if it is presented using concrete examples and models that the children could touch and feel or observe.For today’s lesson, Miss Lisa is introducing the concept of classifications; she has Amber, Stacy and Luis to help her in the lesson presentation. Ms. Lisa presents the 3 children with colored balls and in different shapes, She firsts asks Amber to describe what she sees and then to arrange the balls in size. Amber seems to smile because she knows that her task is very simple, she first places the golf ball in the line, followed by the baseball, then the volleyball and the basketball. Ms.Lisa check Amber’s work and is satisfied, she then asks the class why the balls are correctly lined up. Now Ms. Lisa tells Stacy to arrange the balls by color, Stacy claps gleefully as she proceeds to arrange the balls with the golf, baseball and volleyball on one side and the basketball on the other side. Stacy seeks the approval of her teacher as she asks whether her answer is correct. Ms. Lisa tells her it is correct and she smiles even more. Finally, Ms. Lisa tells Luis to arrange the balls in shape.The class fell silent and Luis scratched his head and made inquisitive looks to his teacher. He approached the balls not really sure of what to do since all the balls looked the same. Then Ms. Lisa encouraged him to go and try out his answer so he would know if it was right or not. In an instant, Luis eyes brightened a nd became rounder, he then went to the balls more confident and then went on to lump the balls in one pile. He smiled and said â€Å"that’s it, they are all round, and they are balls†. Ms. Lisa smiles and tells the class that Luis is right. The process that Ms.Lisa used to demonstrate classification of different characteristics using the same objects showed that the children have achieved the ability to classify objects, in the process the teacher have contributed to the self-esteem and confidence of the student in working with her class demonstration. Amber definitely knows she has the right answer and Ms. Lisa did not have to encourage her, on the other hand Stacy was unsure but tried her best, and Ms. Lisa affirmed her answer. Ms. Lisa however spent more time with Luis since he had difficulty with the task, but in a moment of insightful thinking, he was able to give the correct answer. Reference Atherton, J. (2005).   Learning and Teaching:   Piaget's developmental theory. Retrieved November 12, 2007, from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htm   

Master and Margarita-Religion Theme Essay

Religion is an ever-present theme in the novel Master and Margarita. Many of the characters neither believe in heaven nor hell, and they also refute the existence of God or the Devil (Satan). Throughout the novel, religion is used for characters to make sense of their realities. When Woland, the Devil himself, confronts some of the characters chaos ensues, and truth becomes unclear. In the beginning of the novel, two men by the names Mikhail Berlioz and Ivan Nikolayevich (whose pen name was Bezdomny) have a conversation about Jesus Christ. Berlioz attempts to prove that a man such as â€Å"Jesus, as an individual, had never existed on earth at all and that all the stories about him were mere fabrications, myths of the standard kind.† [Bulgakov, 5] As the men continue their conversation, Woland, who appears as a mere foreigner joins the conversation. He tells the men that he met Pontius Pilate, and the two believe Woland to be crazy. Without knowing about Woland’s true identity, Berlioz denies the existence of God or Satan, and explains that a large portion of his population is in fact atheist. Woland predicts Berlioz’s death at the end of the conversation, and he continues on, wreaking havoc amongst many other people. This theme of religion and religious imagery continues throughout the story, such as the glimpse we get into the mind of Pontius Pilate before Jesus (Yeshua Ga-Nostri) is sentenced to death. Bulgakov portrays a side not often seen of Pilate in religious and historical accounts. Later on, Woland is creating chaos in other character’s lives. He draws out people’s flaws and evil tendencies that already existed within them, and he makes a mockery of those flaws. Woland himself is proving that he exists. As the story progresses, we meet the Master, a writer who mental state is unstable. He wrote about Pontius Pilate, and his writing was severely criticized. He burns his manuscripts hoping to never see them again, however Woland can make them re-appear instantly. Woland helps the Master come to his senses by request of Master’s lover, Margarita. Although many would see Woland (Satan) simply as an evil creature, it is revealed in the novel that his character is so much more. Woland appears to be the most rational character, and he is more complex than the others. This is a completely different way of seeing the normal religious story, and the typical roles that God and Satan play. In the end, it is as if nothing has ever happened and memory has failed the characters. The existence of God and Satan, Jesus and Pontius Pilate, are all still in question. After all the events that occurred throughout the novel, no one knows what is true and what is not. Religion in this novel serves to figure out the truth. The religious stories are used by characters to either refute, or support the existence of certain religious figures. Bulgakov’s use of these religious accounts, stories, and figures frame the novel and without it, the story could not function. It is the same as in Hillis Miller’s article, Narrative. The reasons that this novel needs religion are for the same reasons we, as readers need literature. It helps to give us guidelines, warnings, and explanations for the world around us.

Learning from the patient

The healthcare profession involves augmentation of a patient’s condition through therapeutic intervention.   The shared moment between a healthcare worker and a patient who is unbearably suffering by himself provides guidance for proper course of action, often resulting in greater patient satisfaction and healing potentialities (Gooden et al., 2001).   During this interaction, the healthcare professional establishes his presence by using a human care transaction mind-body-soul with another’s mind-body-soul in a lived moment. Presence has been defined as a relational style within healthcare professional interactions that involves being with, as well as doing with.   The core of this interaction is to learn and understand the circumstances of the situation and to direct the course of action to achieve the desired outcome of healing and recuperation in the part of the patient (Rachagan and Sharon, 2003; Hagihara A and Tarumi K, 2006).   In addition, the focused shared moments with the patient and his family teaches the healthcare professional to identify the key turning point necessary for patient’s healing process (Gore and Ogden, 1998; Street et al., 2003). The professional learns the needs of his patient by being fully present and consciously relating to his whole being, enabling the professional to use aesthetic ways of discovering the obstructions in the hidden pathways preventing the healing process (Murphy DD and Lam CL, 2002).   The healthcare professional plays a major role as a therapeutic agent by getting deeply involved with the situation using his inner energy of caring, being open and listening with solid awareness, and developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship (Ornstein, 1977; Heszen-Klemens and Lapinska E, 1984; Berry, 2007). Healthcare guidelines highlight that every healthcare professional is accountable for his decision and action and for maintaining competencies in every day of practice. This strong foundation requires that all nurses provide a therapeutic professional-patient relationship and provide care to patients under the scope of practice according to their needs, which will in turn, lead to significant outcomes (Clark, 2002).   Healthcare workers use different types of presence in order to learn from their patient, in order a therapeutic relationship and mutual understanding under any circumstance. References Berry PA (2007):   The absence of sadness: darker reflections on the doctor-patient relationship.   J. Med. Ethics 33(5):266-8. Clark PA (2002):   Confidentiality and the physician-patient relationship — ethical reflections from a surgical waiting room.   Med. Sci. Monit. 8(11):SR31-4. Gooden BR, Smith MJ, Tattersall SJ and Stockler MR (2001):   Hospitalised patients' views on doctors and white coats.   Med. J. Aust. 175(4):219-22. Gore J and Ogden J (1998):   Developing, validating and consolidating the doctor-patient relationship: the patients' views of a dynamic process.   Br. J. Gen. Pract. 48(432):1391-4. Hagihara A and Tarumi K (2006):   Doctor and patient perceptions of the level of doctor explanation and quality of patient-doctor communication.   Scand. J. Caring Sci. 20(2):143-50. Heszen-Klemens I and Lapinska E (1984):   Doctor-patient interaction, patients' health behavior and effects of treatment.   Soc. Sci. Med. 19(1):9-18. Murphy DD and Lam CL (2002):   Functional needs: agreement between perception of rural patients and health professionals in China.   Occup. Ther. Int. 9(2):91-110. Ornstein PH (1977):   The family physician as a â€Å"therapeutic instrument†.   J. Fam. Pract. 4(4):659-61. Rachagan SS and Sharon K (2003):   The patient's view.   Med J Malaysia. 58 Suppl A:86-101. Street RL Jr, Krupat E, Bell RA, Kravitz RL and Haidet P (2003):   Beliefs about control in the physician-patient relationship: effect on communication in medical encounters.   J. Gen. Intern. Med. 18(8):609-16.

Nursing Care and Crimes in Newark, New Jersey Research Paper

Nursing Care and Crimes in Newark, New Jersey - Research Paper Example Crimes affect the overall productivity of the area. People will not visit the place and economic activities will downturn. Also the health assistance and care are very much affected in that area. Ambulance, first aid kits and many medical staffs may be needed in case any crimes arise as they may serve as life support to the victims in case they are injured. For the paper, crimes will be studied and their effects upon the lives of people in the place and the demands for the health and nursing assistance will be analyzed. SDS or Symptom Distress Scale will be in focus to check out the crime effects upon the people in Newark, New Jersey. New Jersey is an American State located at the Atlantic portion of the world. It is surrounded by places like Atlantic Ocean, Pennsylvania, New York and Delaware (Fredeen, 2001, p. 7). In 2009 to 2010, a study revealed that New Jersey was the part of the top three wealthy States in America based upon the income per family. Also among the American States , it was known to get the 11th place in terms of population among American States (United States Census Bureau, 2010). New Jersey also became very important in American history as it provided the place for battles in the American Revolutionary War. It also serves as the home of American Indians since the time before the Europeans set foot on the lands of New Jersey (Fredeen, 2001, p. 8). ... Newark is the biggest city in New Jersey consisting of more than 270000 people (Fredeen, 2001, p. 8). It also caters to various schools famous in USA like Rutgers University and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. Being the center in New Jersey, it is also the place for ships, planes and trains from cargo to passenger types. Its location is on the Western part of Manhattan and also near to Atlantic Ocean that allowed the city to have its own port. That port serves as the hub for shipments going to New York. The city also has Newark Liberty International Airport which is a very popular local airport (Westergaard, 2006). The races in Newark are varying that also come with the diverse cultures (Fredeen, 2001, p. 7). Its communities are different from one another having busy streets and silent places. As Newark serves as a city and busy region of New Jersey, crimes happen in higher rate than other locations. It was even labeled as one of the cities in USA with major threa ts and crimes (Roberts and Yeager, 2004, p. 837). Despite of that label, a major improvement occurred when the cases of murder went down recent years. Surveys were then conducted by different groups and they found Newark to be consistently part of the upper 25 towns and cities with many crimes around United States (Sperling and Sander, 2007, p. 329). Probably, Newark experiences its upward turn, but it still faces other problems like healthcare. In analyzing the healthcare support needed, a model called SDS or Symptom Distress Scale is used. It is also used to know the condition of the patients and how urgently the medical attention is needed (Bowling, 2001, p. 35). It then focuses on the state of mind or the psyche of the person being measured by the scale. It came

California Alcoholic Beverage Control Research Paper

California Alcoholic Beverage Control - Research Paper Example The fact limits the restaurant for both drink in the restaurant and take away drinks. Application of the liquor license is at the department that deals with alcohol and beverage control in Bay area (Califonia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, 2014). During this period of application, the following has to be met by the applicant. Apply and get the sales and tax permit. The permit is obtained at the sales and tax division in California ( Sate of California, 2014). The registration can be done online on their website. The applicant then registers with Board of Equalization online on their website (Califonia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, 2014). The next step is to obtain the Federal basic permit at the alcohol and tax bureau. The timeline to obtain the license varies depending on the number of the applicant and an average of 45 to 60 working days. In the restaurant business, have a premise and ensure the all the application requirements are met. Possible technicality includes the zoning by the local government might hinder the choice of the

Sexual abstenance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sexual abstenance - Research Paper Example Abstinence from sexual intercourse is believed by most parents and religious groups to be the only acceptable method of birth control for teenagers. In this regard, the essay aims to proffer issues pertaining to sexual abstinence. The discourse would initially define sexual abstinence and determine its brief historical background. Likewise, the effects of abstinence-only approach in sex education would be examined. Finally, some suggestions and recommendations on using abstinence in sexual education would be presented. Sexual abstinence is defined as â€Å"the practice of voluntarily refraining from sexual intercourse and (usually) other sexual activity. Sexual abstinence is typically considered a subset of behavior in the context of chastity as the latter refers also to attitude and intent and not mere mechanics. Sexual abstinence is typically advocated in the categories of religious/moral concerns and health/social concerns, with a significant overlap between the two† (WordIQ, par. 1). In an article published by Avert on abstinence and sex education, the discussion provided clear definitions of abstinence based approach to sexual education which encourages abstinence from sex until marriage. The Federal Law in the United States enumerated learning objectives of abstinence education, to wit: In a study conducted by Planes, et.al. on definitions and examples of abstinence to Spanish University students, the findings revealed that the current understanding of the term is ambiguous resulting to risky sexual behaviors (Planes, et.al, 172). A table indicated in the research on the definitions of the meaning of the term abstinence by gender provided â€Å"778 examples or definitions of abstinence† (Planes, et.al, 170) validating the diverse understanding of students on the accurate definition of the term. The discourse provided by WordIQ traced the developments on sexual freedom to the First World War which indicates that the

Examine the shifting values of civil liberties in the new millennium Research Paper

Examine the shifting values of civil liberties in the new millennium that has seen greater public tolerance of government surveillance and record-keeping - Research Paper Example There have been several events that have triggered the re-evaluation of the way civil privacy protection is balanced with police surveillance. During the period that has passed after the terrorist attack of 9/11, there have been diverse changes being implemented in the technological advances; federal law and the interpretation of privacy safeguards by the courts have created an expansion in the ways through which the police may facilitate surveillance of different civil activities or in the ways through which they can frisk citizens in public places for any particular reason. The rationale of this article is to scrutinize the different factors that may promote the escalation of police surveillance with regards to the type of effects that police surveillance has on civil life and privacy rights while also drawing conclusions on newspaper reports on the situations whereby issues have been raised in regards to stop-and-frisk policy. (http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles4 (3) /escalating.pdf‎) The way people view privacy and surveillance have been dramatically altered over the years and the change has been more evident in the balance between individual privacy rights and police surveillance authority. A significant section of the American public attributes the change to the 9/11 event to have catalyzed the search authority that has been related to the police surveillance. Surveillance has been modified and made quite inclusive of elements that were not previously connected to threat warnings, and with the advances made in the technology platform, a thin line has to be drawn as to what is acceptable by law and what should be considered as interference with the rights of an individual. Any form of threat to the safety of the American public has been defined in the constitution with the recommendations on the specific ways through which these issues of threat to national security have to be handled

Managing Global Hospitality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Global Hospitality - Essay Example Global hospitality industry is growing at a good pace. The increase in holiday trends is one of the reasons of the growth. People now try to visit to different tourist destinations in their leisure time. Globalization has also contributed towards this trend and people all over the world get to see more and more beautiful destinations on television and internet. But with growth hospitality industry globally is also encountering many issues like regulations, natural disasters, high cost of service and greater competition. This has caused many global giants in the industry to look for new avenues of investment. Background of the Company Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts is one of the largest hotel chains of the world. The company started its operations in 1971from Singapore but currently it has hotels and resorts in around 17 countries all over the world. The company grew in Asia at a very fast pace and right now has a significant market share in Asia. Overall the company has presence in all continents of the world except Africa. Company is also planning to open a new hotel in London in 2012 (Shangri-La Hotels Website, 2011). The company has wonderful customer service and has won many awards for of excellence. The diversity at the Shangri-La Hotels is very well known all over the world (Clark & Chen, 2007). Shangri-La Hotels are high class hotel and are catered towards the rich class and for this reason a high quality of service is maintained. The company is also planning to expand in China, Canada and India in years to come. The brand name of the company is prestigious and known all over the world. The expansion of the company is based upon the innovative practices of the company.

Kings College Hospital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kings College Hospital - Essay Example In this paper, for environmental analysis SWOT analysis is being conducted for The King’s College Hospital NHS Trust. The opportunities and threats are determined by conducting an external environmental analysis and the strengths and weaknesses are known with the help of internal analysis of an organization. The facts are organized in such a manner so as to provide a clear picture of the King’s College Hospital and its environment. The first section of the paper deals with the environmental analysis for the King’s College Hospital and its environment. There are various factors of the internal and external environment of any organization, which affect organization’s functioning. This section deals with those factors. The SWOT analysis briefly discusses the crucial areas of concerns. The following section is an effort to develop a fit between external and internal environment. Findings of the analysis are summarised in the next section, which is followed by recommendation and conclusion. The external analysis of an organization is marked by intense competition between rival firms. It is important for the organization to conduct an external analysis and identify the opportunities and threats prevailing in the external environment. Based on the same, the organization can design suitable strategies to exploit the opportunities and counter the threats. This ensures smooth implementation of the corporate strategy. The external analysis of a firm enables the firm to obtain a clear picture of the threats and opportunities prevalent in the firm’s external environment.

Anishinaabe Literature and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Anishinaabe Literature and Culture - Essay Example These native Indians form the Anishinaabe tribe of America. Some American universities teach Anishinaabemowin, the language spoken by the people of this tribe. These people were divided into three communities: Odawa, Ojibwe, and Bodewatomi speaking different dialects of the Anishinaabemowin. The Indians still hold the ways of their ancestors and cultivate, nurture, and protect the knowledge of their ancestors among their children. This has led to the continuity of the rich Anishinaabe language and culture that is still studied by the present generation. Children learn their language, governance, judicial system, culture, religion, and citizenship. This culture was overshadowed by Christianity and modernization, but the remaining descendants teach their children about their ancestors in order to ensure the continuity of their culture. It is difficult to maintain ethnic identity without the existence of language. The Anishinaabe descendants struggle to maintain continuity of their lang uage by teaching their children. The learning process begins by explaining the meaning of the verbs in the seven teachings (Apple, 2008). The seven pronouns are set in the teachings called the seven grandfathers. These are: Nbwaakaawin (wisdom), Zaagi’idiwin (love), Minaadendamowin (respect), Aakwa’ode’ewin (bravery), Debwewin (truth), Dibaadendiziwin (humility) and Gwekwaadiziwin (Honesty). These are part of the original words of the ancestors that form the roots of the language. Understanding language helps understand the cultural practices, institutions, and social festivities observed by the Anishinaabe. The elderly in the communities act as reference points for teachers and learners of the language. Their dialect and understanding of the language has not been overly diluted by the English language, as is the case among the young people (Eigenbrod, LaRocque and DePasquale, 2010). The Ojibway language, part of Algonquian language group, is the most frequently spoken Aboriginal language besides Cree and Inuit languages. It is usually expressed in syllabics or the roman orthography. The syllabics were invented in 1840 by James Evans, a missionary working in Hudson’s Bay. Some Anishinaabe people claim that he did not invent the symbols, but he incorporated them into the writing system (Tigerman, 2006). The Wawatay bilingual newspaper commonly circulated among the Anishinaabe communities in northern Ontario contains texts written in syllabics. In some other texts such as children books, roman orthography is used. These forms of writing are also commonly used in educational materials that have revived the Ojibway language. English authors of the Anishinaabe origin have revived the language through the educational system, media, and literary works. They have helped produce bilingual books that enable the young generations learn their native language. Northwest Ontario has the largest population of the Anishinaabe people. The people hav e two collections of narratives passed down orally for centuries. These are the Ojibway heritage and the sacred legend. The sacred legend existed among the Oji-Cree speaking community near the sandy lake. The collection contains a creation story with the earth diver motif. According to these stories, several animals dived deep into the ocean to retrieve soil for recreating the earth after the great flood. This distinguishes the Aboriginal creation stories from the Biblical stories. However, missionaries declared the ecological relationships among living things superstitious and primitive. Missionaries introduced church-run schools that taught English and the European way of thinking (Vizenor, 2009). The introduction of Christianity

Term paper Essay Example for Free

Term paper Essay There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John.

War and the City Essay Example for Free

War and the City Essay Paintings and photographs are pieces of art. As such, it has always depicted life. It has become a representation of reality. More importantly, it represents the time wherein these artists are living. They created what they see, and through the artists’ eyes and perspective, we are able to witness what they’ve seen as if it was right in front of us. In this light, the three photographs have war as the unifying theme. Although differently expressed, each image portrays pain and helplessness, and with it a faint spark of hope for a better tomorrow. But the latter implication cannot be readily noticed at first glance of the picture. When we look at them, we only see dismay and fright. They are a reminder of a life others were not able to witness, a terror for others. They displayed this in either symbolic or upfront manner, but they never failed to show the emotions involved. The striking difference among these pictures, on the other hand, resides on how they were presented. The first image by Goya made use of warm colors and upfront action. Picassos painting used of a lot of symbols. Meanwhile, the 9/11 photograph captured a moment during the after shock of the attack. These images each have a different perspective, taking war from various angles. In the end, they all say war is never pleasant. Every artist has a responsibility for every piece of art they render. More importantly, the artist who constantly depict the realities of war should be careful about their pieces. Unfortunately, paintings and photographs are works of art, and are avenues for freedom of expression. It should not be constrained. But knowing that what they show in their works would either create or break their names as an artist can be very constraining. However, if they let themselves be taken by this constraint, and did not risk the consequences, them they would not have been able to become masters in their fields. In my perspective, I believe that the artists should really show the horror and brutality of war. We are at the age wherein being romantic and subtle are no longer the focus of art. Strong and provocative pieces are more the trade of art today. However, given that the other two pieces were created during a different period, it does not mean that being upfront about war only started in recent history. War is a fact of life, regardless of the time when they were created. It should not be covered with romanticized implications to depict war. There is no other way to present war as it is. We cannot define how it feels to be in the middle of one. We only have pictures to show us how is it like. It is the closest to reality as we can get, and it is a reality we have to face. There are a lot of things one can perceive from one piece of art depicting war. But I dont believe that these will promote violence for the audience. Usually, these pieces are present the effects of war, and the basic facts about it. It was not created to persuade others to resort to war, unless that was the underlying message and it was bluntly said. However, majority of these kinds of artworks only present facts, and are not usually political in nature. They are perspectives, concepts and ideas from the artists point of view. We dont always have to agree or disagree with them. A silent understanding would have been enough. Works Cited â€Å"Guernica: Testimony of War. † Public Broadcasting Service. 1 April 2008 http://www. pbs. org/treasuresoftheworld/guernica/gmain. html. â€Å"Third of May. † Museo Nacional Del Prado. 1 April 2008 museoprado/mcu. es/i34. html. â€Å"World Trade Center September 11, 2008. † SHI. 1 April 2008 http://dmetcalfe. homestead. com/AMERICA2. html.

Leadership Values To Individuals And Society General Studies Essay

Leadership Values To Individuals And Society General Studies Essay Leadership is the art of making people to do what you want them to do. It is a process of influencing others working for the common good and common goals while offering purpose and paths to achieve that. The army defines leadership as influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation, while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization (Army Leadership, Personnel General, Army Regulation 600-100). There are different approaches to leadership as transactional leadership, transformational leadership, situational leadership, and contingency leadership. Even that all these leadership approaches have similarities and differences they have all incorporated into them fear and/or respect as a mean to achieve goals. Looking at the leaders side this is his/her personal behavior and the environment that they surrounded with or they faced at the beginning of the career what actually shape their future style of leading. If one leader dealt with fear and pressur e from his/her supervisors, it is very likely that they will also treat their subordinates the same way. In the other hand, if the leader was treated with respect and this was what build and shaped his or her base of leadership it is very likely that he will treat his/her subordinates the same way. Even that there are different theories in the practice there always has been in question whether it is better to be feared or respected. And both of these are used in military leadership and in leadership in non-military organizations. It is very apparent that to some leaders only fear exists as a driving force toward achieving goals. They do not prefer to use other means as motivation for pushing their subordinates. In the other hand, seems that subordinates do not prefer fear to be their driving force. Instead they would like to have such a relationship that would push them to work tirelessly to satisfy their leader, but not fear. In this paper I am going to explore what does it mean for a leader to be feared or respected and what effect has it in his/her subordinates in particular or to the society in general based on personal experience as a cadet and what I learned and read about leadership. This paper actually is going to come across military leadership and leadership in non-military organizations. Respect by definition is esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person, a personal quality or ability, or something considered as a manifestation of a personal quality or ability (www.dictionary.com) respect is acknowledged to be a positive value that people posses. But people are not very conscious of what respect really means and of what significance it is. In most cases respect is perceived to as a judgment or opinion of someone not as a value. Based on my personal experience I can say that for respect to be durable it should be earned. It is important that a person should show respect to himself, to others (people that surround us), and try to earn the deserved respect. Since respect is viewed as a perspective for relationship, people decide whether it is achieved as a commitment for a successful relationship between people or whether it is part of our culture. For creating a world with collaboration and mutual respect we have to build a culture with worldwide respect and transmit our commitments toward others as respectable human beings. The basis for achieving respect in the leader-subordinate aspect is having satisfactory interactions with others. If there is a respectful environment there are possibilities for sharing vision, trust, mission, and there will be stronger teams within the organization to achieve common goals. A quote by Mark Clement says that leaders who win the respect of others are the ones who deliver more than they promise, not the ones who premise more that they can deliver. This shows that the influence of a leader is largely increased when he or she has the respect of the subordinates and through this they can achieve what is thought to be unachievable paving the road to success. But expecting to reach all the goals with only the respect of the subordinates might have shortcomings as well. Subordinates can be of a level not mature enough to understand what mutual respect means and this may turn against the leader. Also the leader might not make a realistic evaluation of the subordinates and as a result the reliance on the respect might end in catastrophe. Machiavelli in his book Prince gives several reasons why a leader should not rely on peoples respect because they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are yours entirely; they will offer you their blood, property, life and children. As is said above, when the need is far distant; but when it approaches they turn against you (Prince, 79). This actually tells that a leader must much more rely in his/her own forces and make a proper evaluation of the readiness of his/her subordinates in order to not have a catastrophic end. Among the very first things taught in military academies is respect. This is also taught to all soldiers. The very difference is that leaders have to know to win respect for themselves and for the others with whom they work and to create a respectful environment. Even that in militaries a straight chain of command exists there is an apparent need for respect. It is essential having respect for one another because that is actually what makes the military to operate. Having respect means also having trust between each other which essential for performing daily activities and during crisis. Without respect subordinates would always look for ways to escape from their leaders and things would hardly ever be done on time. There are several ways to earn respect in military. On and the most important one is by living with army values and becoming a role model for people that surround you. Moreover, the higher you go in ranks gives you a higher respect since earning higher ranks is not easily attained. In military when you have the respect of your subordinates it is much easier to empower them and delegate tasks without being reluctant that they will not perform well. Thus, it is worth quoting KPC (Kosovo Protection Corps) Officers Manual 103, which states that mutual respect will create a bond between officers and soldiers and it will always be there when tough times appear. There are certain ways to show that you respect someone. If you always tell the truth in good or bad times it is a sign of respect, if you make promises and keep them it is a sign of respect, and if you treat all your subordinates at the same level it is a sign of respect. There are many cases in which leaders were respected. This was actually the main driving force of peoples belief on their leaders and their decisions to be implied. Sir Winston Churchill was one of the most respected leaders in history. He led United Kingdom during the most difficult times. He had many cases when he had to make tough decisions that were not very popular but were very well accepted. These decisions were accepted only for a reason, the respect that people had for him. In the other hand, the other component of authority is fear. This derives mainly from the capacity of the leader to punish his/her subordinates. Some leaders have coercive power and use as the main tool in achieving their goals. These types of leaders tend to believe that through coercion you can achieve much more because you get the most from subordinate since they fear you. This derives from the belief that if someone fears you he or she will do anything just to not put into question your authority. Fearing the leader is a process that starts when subordinates come to contact for any sort information about this particular leader. They might hear that from the other fellow employees or other soldiers if military organization, that the leader is really a person who punishes in hardest way. In the book Prince, Machiavelli believes that it is impossible to achieve both respect and fear but when you have to choose between them fear is much more productive. He states that since you canno t trust people in tough times and it is better to be feared because fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails you (Prince, 80). The coercive power mentioned above is based on fear and is the ability to punish someone for any noncompliance. One way that leaders coerce their subordinates is by showing them that they are not complying with the process enforced by leader. However, also by fear and coercion can be achieved a lot of results. In the military fear of leader exists in all levels, from the newly recruits up to the senior officers. In the beginning of the military career soldiers fear from the leader because he can use his power and authority to punish them, which can have a negative result in their career. Interesting is the fact that these new soldiers have their utmost respect for their commander but yet fear has more influence than respect. This is much related to the stages of individual development and to the environment they perform in. There are a lot of cases that soldiers do things only regarding to the fear they have from their leader. There are also a lot of leaders that use fear upon their subordinates even that they complained when their former leaders used coercion on them. A good example of a leader who used fear could be Enver Hoxha, the communist leader of Albania. He was considered to be the best man to lead Albania after World War II. He had graduated from a prominent French University and fought heroically during the war. But Albanian people turned to be wrong. As he came to power he started eliminating his opponents and anyone who could come on his way. The most known eliminations were deportation, imprisonment, family punishments and not excluding killing people. These eliminations had a very high psychological effect on the population. During this time Albania became a country where the continuous repression had affected everyone. This paper has been an overview of two sides of conceptualization of leadership by subordinates, respect and fear. Fear has the tendency to make employees or soldiers perform better and achieve results but they feel unworthy as individuals. Respect is much more welcomed because it makes employees or soldiers to feel more confident and to feel themselves as part of team. At the military point of view much respect is assigned to certain positions and ranks but only the real respect is the everlasting one. In conclusion I think that in order to be a properly respected leader you must at first show respect. If you earn to the respect of the employees is much easier to accomplish goals, also the job performed by the subordinates will be of a higher level. The point is that if you earn the respect of the employees or the soldiers in a military organization, they will perform accordingly whatever the situation or when not under direct supervision. Promoting respect to any organization gives a dose of authority through influencing people. We should always try to make respect the core of our relationship with others. Having a mutual respect with subordinates only brings us success and continuous improvements. This kind of relationship will have sincerity at the top of it something that will create an everlasting desire and willingness to help each other. Only the true respect will inspire the subordinates to perform their best, and their best means the best for leader.