Saturday Night and Sunday Morning

Director Karel Reisz's Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, the classic story of an angry young man, heralded a new kind of cinema for British audiences. Saturday Night and Sunday Morning is a classic social realist film of the British New Wave. Made in 1960, it was groundbreaking in both its portrayal of the industrial nightmare of working class factory life, and its unrepentant, cocky anti-hero Arthur Seaton. The British New Wave and La Nouvelle Vague Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960) was Karel Reisz's first feature film, made in the light of a number of outstanding documentaries from the Free Cinema movement. Interestingly, this film emerged at the same time as Jean-Luc Godard's debut feature A Bout De Souffle (Breathless). Reisz and Godard, the enfant terrible of the French New Wave, shared certain traits. Both were critics turned film-makers whose debut films were the first commercial hits of their respective new waves, and both films were anti-establishment pieces from directors with political agendas. The Angry Young Man Saturday Night and Sunday Morning was a film to which many people could relate. Alan Sillitoe, who adapted his book for the screen, was the creator of one of the original angry young men of cinema history, Arthur Seaton. Arthur is a working class anti-hero whose boredom of factory life is assuaged only by his reckless attitude to life. Trapped in a dead end job, Arthur represents the individual against the system. He makes the most of his leisure time in an attempt to escape the mediocrity of his life. Arthur is blunt and cocky, out for a good time with women, booze and a well cut suit. But he is angry about the restrictions placed on him by his working class life. The cause of this aggression – factory life – united a public who recognized his anger. Cinema attendances reflected the fact that this was one of the first times audiences felt their own lives were represented on screen. Fatally Flawed At the beginning of the film Arthur is having an affair with Brenda, a married woman, who he gets pregnant. He tries to help her when she says she wants an abortion, although ultimately this is unsuccessful. It is a testament to the film-makers that this storyline does not alienate audiences. In fact, for all his gruff, rabble rousing, Arthur remains a likable, if flawed, character. He is seen to get a sort of comeuppance when Brenda's brother in law beats him up at the Nottingham Goose Fair, but audience sympathy is still with Arthur. This is also due in no small part to Albert Finney's amazing portrayal of Arthur as a working class lad coming to bitter terms with the responsibilities of manhood. The Midlands – A Backdrop For Social Realism Setting the film in Nottingham adds a further dimension of imprisonment, through iconography which has since been integrated into British cinema. The imposing chimney stacks and factories serve to increase the feelings of claustrophobia and provincial entrapment. Karel Reisz had already shown in his documentaries Everyday Except Christmas and We Are The Lambeth Boys that ordinary people could provide stories and entertainment, but his directors vision also demonstrates a poeticism of social problems. The views Reisz portrays through his lens have become embedded in British films, and typify a landscape still seen today in any British film within the social realist cannon. Saturday Night and Sunday Morning Saturday Night and Sunday Morning By Alan Sillitoe Adapted by Amanda Whittington [pic] Harrogate Theatre 22nd February – 8th March 2008 Directed by Joyce Branagh Resource Material [pic] Alan Sillitoe's ground breaking picture of 1950's Britain, as seen through the eyes of the unforgettable Arthur Seaton (immortalised on screen by Albert Finney), is now brought raging back to life and bang up-to-date in a fast-moving new stage adaptation.Classic kitchen sink drama blended with high energy action and a toe-tapping 1950's fuelled soundtrack makes this at turns funny and heart-rending tale of the life and loves of the original angry young man a must see for three generations. ContentsPage Brief Synopsis Historical context About the author The adapted text List of Characters Principals Analysis In different media 21st Century references Synopsis Saturday Night and Sunday Morning tells the story of Arthur Seaton, a young Nottingham factory worker, who is having an affair with Brenda , the wife of Jack, an older co-worker.He also has a relationship with Doreen, a woman closer to his own age. When Brenda becomes pregnant with Arthur’s child, he goes to his aunt for advice on aborting the child. Jack discovers the affair. His brother and a fellow soldier give Arthur a serious beating. The play ends on an ambiguous note, with a recovered Arthur and Doreen discussing marriage and the prospect of a new home. Historical context 1958: The European Economic Community (Common Market) starts operation. The birth of Rock and Roll, which resulted in the emergence of clubs. Jerry Lee Lewis’s Great Balls of Fire reaches no 1 in the US charts.Women’s rights were still limited, but this was to change over the coming decade. Marie Stopes, a campaigner for women’s rights, dies, aged 69. The first man-made nuclear fusion was created. The class divide was still very prominent and strong. Labour were in government. Queen Elizabeth II had only recently bee n crowned. The idea of a new age had begun. About the Author Name:Alan Sillitoe Born:4th March 1928, Nottingham. Family:Second son of an illiterate tannery laborer. His father, Christopher Sillitoe, became one of the long-term unemployed during the 1930s Depression.On different occasions he worked as a house painter. Once he was imprisoned for â€Å"running up bills for food that he had no hope of paying. † Sillitoe's mother, Silvina (Burton) worked in a lace factory. â€Å"We lived in a room on Talbot Street whose four walls smelled of leaking gas, stale fat, and layers of mouldering wall-paper,† Sillitoe has recalled. Early life:Left school at 14 Sillitoe’s childhood was shadowed by the financial problems of the family, but he also found early on the joys of literature and started to plan his career as a writer.However, his first semi-fictional tale about his wild cousins was burned by his mother for being too revealing. At the age of 14 he left school and wor ked in a number of jobs in Nottingham factories, including a bicycle factory from 1942 to 1946. He served in the Royal Air Force, where he was a wireless operator. After returning from Malaya, he was discovered to have tuberculosis. Sill toe spent sixteen months in an RAF hospital. During this period he started to write again and read intensively. Pensioned off at 21 on 45 shillings at week, he lived in France and Spain for seven years in an attempt to recover.In 1951 he met an American poet, Ruth Fainlight, who was married, but they decided to go abroad together. From 1952 to 1958 they lived in France, Italy and Spain largely on Sillitoe's air force pension. Encouraged by Robert Graves, whom he met on the island of Mallorca in 1956, Sillitoe began to write his first novel, SATURDAY NIGHT AND SUNDAY MORNING (1958), a story about working-class life in Nottingham. Adapters of the book †¢ Amanda Whittington Previous plays for New Perspectives include: The Boy on the Hill; Last Sto p Louisa’s; and Player’s Angels.Other plays include: Ladies Day (Hull Truck); Satin N Steel (Nottingham Playhouse and Bolton Octagon); Be My Baby (Soho Theatre and subsequently staged by Oldham Coliseum, Hull Truck and Salisbury Playhouse); Born To Run (Third Space); Bollywood Jane (Leicester Haymarket); The Wills’s Girls (Tobacco Factory, Bristol and Radio Four). Publications include: Satin N Steel and Be My Baby (Nick Hern Books); and Twist & Shout, Runaway Girl and Shirley’s Song (SchoolPlay). Amanda has also written for film and television, and was joint winner of the 2001 Dennis Potter Screenwriting Award. David Brett David Brett is an English actor, singer and arranger. David Brett is one of the original members of The Flying Pickets. He arranged a number of the group's songs, including the number one hit Only You. Brett is working as an actor, mainly performing on stage, but he has also participated in a number of TV productions and played Dedalus Diggle in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone[1]. Characters Arthur Seaton: (21) a tall, iron-faced, crop-haired youth Loudmouth: (40) a sailor Brenda: (30) a married mother of two Em’ler: (20’s) Brenda’s friend, a bit touchedWinnie: (25) Brenda’s sister, small and fiery Waiter: too old for the job he’s forced to do Sweeper Girls: (20’s) factory workers Tealady: (40’s) a fixture of the factory Jack: (30) self-contained, fresh-faced, with a perpetual frown Robboe: (40) the foreman, a quiet man with tortured eyes Aunt Ada: (50) the personality of a promiscuous barmaid Mick: (40’s) an Irish drunk Landlady: (50’s) worldly-wise and cynical Courting Couple: (20’s) love-struck Grieving Man: (30’s) confused and sad Doreen: (19) fresh and innocent with a sharp edgeSwaddies: (20’s) army thugs Can be staged with a minimum of six actors, playing: Arthur Brenda/Tealady/Landlady Jack/Loudmouth/Grieving Man/Sw addie Winnie/Aunt Ada/Sweeper Girl/Ratface Doreen/Em’Ler/Sweeper Girl/Courting Girl Waiter/Robboe/Mick/Courting Boy/Swaddie Principal Analysis Arthur: Arthur Seaton, a lathe operator in a bicycle factory in Nottingham, England. The blond, muscular twenty- one-year-old fights to remain independent of society, employers, and marriage. He dates married women—first Brenda, then Winnie—and engages in boisterous drinking bouts.After a beating by Winnie’s soldier husband, he settles for the single Doreen, deciding that he need not reject all that life offers to remain independent. Brenda: Jack’s wife and Arthur’s lover. A young mother of two, she is bored with Jack and finds romance and excitement with Arthur. She is part of the dangerous â€Å"Saturday Night† life of the first half of the novel. After having an abortion, and after Arthur, discovered by Jack, has been beaten, she fades from the action. Doreen Greatton: a factory worker. Nine teen years old and single, she is eager to be married but seeks to curb Arthur’s excesses.She represents marriage and settling down to Arthur in the â€Å"Sunday Morning† half of the novel. She fails to get him past every pub but has won commitment from Arthur at the end. Winnie: nicknamed â€Å"Gyp,† Brenda’s sister. She is livelier and more reckless than her older sister. She, too, has an affair with Arthur. Her husband, Bill, is a soldier stationed in Germany. He returns on leave with a friend and, tipped off to the affair by Jack, beats Arthur. By dating Winnie, Arthur hastens an end to the dangerous life that he is finding to be a strain.Jack: Brenda’s husband and Arthur’s foreman at the factory. He is steady but dull. Rather than confront Arthur, he betrays him to Bill, Winnie’s husband. Aunt Ada: Arthur’s widowed aunt, a large, boisterous, and nurturing mother figure whose house teems with family at Christmas. Following his beating by Winnie’s husband, Arthur becomes withdrawn and cautious. It is in her house, under her vital influence, that Arthur breaks out of his withdrawal and returns to life, but with new attitudes. In different Media Saturday Night and Sunday Morning was first a novel written by Alan Sillitoe in 1958.It was one of the first kinds of Kitchen Sink Drama’s, with other noticeable ones being Angry Young Men and Billy Liar. It was adapted into a film in 1960, starring Albert Finney. The screenplay was adapted by Sillitoe himself. The next adaptation was by David Brett in 1964 as a low budget stage show, with a then unknown Ian McKellen in the role. The next proper adaptation was by Amanda Whittington References and Themes in the 21st Century Adultery Loyalty Revenge Violence Love/Friendship Deceit Rectification of your Mistakes

Google Business Strategies Essay

Executive Summary This report provides an analysis of Google’s development of new strategic resources, dynamic capabilities and core competency, Analysis of competency test, Google’s competency foundation to compete in shopping related searches and the positive impacts of Google’s competencies towards its business model. Moreover, this report provides recommendations that Google are effectively able to utilise. Introduction Google, a provider of multiple products and services, with the mission to â€Å"organise the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful†, is the number one web search engine. Additionally, Google has an old online shopping service site whose rivals include Amazon and eBay (Newth, F 2012). However, recently, in 2012, Google announced its adaption of a new paid model, where retailers were now starting to get charged. Moreover, the bases discussed throughout the report will be grounded in Google’s competency test, and its impact towards Google business model (Newth, F 2012). Google’s development of new strategicresources, dynamic capabilities and core competency Google’s recent change of passing on costs, a fee, to online retailers who display their products on the Google online shopping site (Hartwig, J. I 2012), will require Google to develop new strategic resources, dynamic capabilities and a core competency. Firstly, developing new strategic resources to work aside Google’s new paid model (Hartwig, J. I 2012), will mean that Google will need to improvise on teaching Google employees currently working in the Google online shopping sector, to adapt to the new changes appropriately, through being educationally mentored on new policies, procedures and most importantly, advancing this new process in a sustainable way (Sullivan, J 2007). Moving on to the development of dynamic capabilities, here, Google will need to effectively make changes towards the company’s internal and external organisational skills, resources and functional competences moreover, reviewing the company’s strengths, as a result of adapting to the new change(Newth, F 2012), that is, the re positioning of Google’s online shopping paid model. This is a crucial change to develop, as vice president of product management for Google shopping, Sameer Samat, explained that by  repositioning to an all-paid model will increase further trustworthy data(Sullivan, D 2012) , hence, it will greater improve the shopping search experience for its customers. Additionally, Google’s core competencies have already created various competitive advantages for the company, and as a result, Google will need to review their most valuable competitive advantage, and put emphasis on those advantages they have over other similar companies, such as Amazon who provides an online shopping service (Sullivan, D 2012). Analysis of competency test Referring to â€Å"appendix 1†, a competency test of Google was completed, and is now going to be further analysed. Additionally, the competency test as completed was based around three of Google’s strategic assets, that is, their employees, Google’s strong brand name and their loyal customer base. It should also be noted that the analysis for the business model impact will be discussed further in the report. The first strategic asset discussed is Google’s experienced and knowledgeable employees. Google is the number one best company to work for in America, as voted by the company’s very own employees (Sullivan, J 2007). Alongside this, Google acknowledges its employees by offering employees everything they need to get them focused on specific aspects such as creativity and innovation. Google also focuses on helping their employees have the correct information and resources in regards to their work (Sullivan, J 2007). Moving on, whilst providing to the employee’s work needs in every way possible, Google’s unique employees are also provided with outstanding people management practices, as a result of the company’s use of the people analytics approach. Google training efforts aren’t the usual traditional tactics applied, Google’s development efforts are decentralized meaning Google employees demonstrate self directed learning (Sullivan, J 2007). Along with self directed learning employees also demonstrate, continuous learning and development, and adapting to changes when needed, are key features that can be direct parallel to the core employee competencies at Google (Sullivan, J 2013). Moreover, when undergoing a â€Å"VIRO test†, to assess whether or not Google’s employee dynamic capabilities can become a competency, as presented, Google employees pose three of the four characteristics; valuable, organisation and rare. These characteristics are related to the employee’s competencies, as here, the  main employees competencies include, information and gathering, where employees are able to locate and collect data from a variety of sources, whilst also analysing the data in order to prepare it into meaningful reports (Sullivan, J 2013). Another competency is business perspective, whereby employees use an understanding of the company’s issues, processes and outcomes in order to enhance Google’s overall business performance. Additionally, Google employees manage important resources such as financial information, in order to achieve short and long term goals (Sullivan, J 2007). Moving on, the next strategic asset is Google’s strong brand name. Google’s brand name is one of the most recognised brand names globally, and is one of the leaders in internet brands. In 2010, Google for the fourth time was presented as 2010’s world valuable global brand, close to major competitors such as Microsoft (Interbrand, 2010). Alongside Google’s significant brand image, Google’s strong infrastructure base, another dynamic capability, is the base for providing new and advanced innovative products and services to end users; that is consumers (McDermott, T). Here, the company brand name plays a rather large role to add to Google’s strong brand name, as the strong infrastructure base allows Google’s new innovative products to gain a competitive advantage, hence keep its strong brand name visible(McDermott, T) . Moreover, like Google’s employees, the company’s strong brand name lies within similar VIRO test characteristics, such as , Valuable, rare and Imitability. Alongside these characteristics, Google’s strong brand name competencies as presented in table one, have given Google the opportunity to enter in a wide variety of markets, and has produced a competitive advantage, as well as, making Google profitable for the company in both short and long terms(Tsai, M 2011). Additionally the last strategic asset for Google is loyal customer base. Google’s dynamic capabilities in this case, refers to the company’s strong customers based brand equity and Google’s ability to create outstanding customer value. Starting with customer based brand equity, here Google utilises its customer brand loyalty which is attached to many benefits for the company such as greater brand loyalty from users and an increase in Google usage (Bhasin, K 2011), just to name a few. Here, Google is able to command for increased price premiums and receive additional trade cooperation and support. To add, customer value and customer brand relationships are the foundation of Google’s brand  resonance, for instance, Google’s search advertising has created a better fit between meeting potential customers’ needs and the relevant advisement. Hence focusing on these attributes has allowed Google to add these as one of their strengths towards the o verall company (T. Y. Chan, C. Wu, Y. Xie 2011). Furthermore, Google’s loyal customer base VIRO test characteristics as presented in table one, makes Google’s capability a true competency. In regards to this, the main reason it could be drawn upon that Google has a loyal customer base is through its ratings (Bhasin, K 2011). This can be seen through Google standing out as one of the top search engine for users, hence the reason for such a large customer base, whilst beating Bing and Yahoo, other competitors in the same category (Bhasin, K 2011). Google’s competency foundation to compete in shopping related searches An analysis of the competency test derives favourable outcomes for Google to more effectively compete in shopping related searches. Considering the fact that Google already has a highly established reputation, it sets itself as the most used search engine for users, hence allowing Google to better compete in online shopping (Bhasin, K 2011). Google’s high consumer awareness, strong market position and core employee competencies further contribute to their competitive advantages, resulting in a higher chance of shopping-related searches. Referring to Google’s online shopping transition to an all paid model, Google believes â€Å"that by having a paid relationship, it can better ensure the quality of what it lists in Google shopping† (Sullivan, D 2012). To add, Google also believes that it will provide more trustworthy information, which improves the shopping online search experience for both retailers and customers (Sullivan, D 2012). Overall, Google has the ability to utilise its competencies and competitive advantages in providing users with more out of their search engine, by working on making it easier for users to search and compare products whilst shopping online. In addition, by assisting shoppers to locate the best deals, they’re able to increase traffic to retailers in order for shoppe rs to easily find their sites (Sullivan, D 2012). The positive impacts of Google’s competencies towards its business model Furthermore, as mentioned above, Google has the proper competency base to effectively compete in shopping related searches. As Google has the proper  mechanisms and competencies to compete, it brings alongside it positive impacts towards Google’s business model. The positive impact of employee competencies at Google, include the positive attributes Google employee’s pose such as strategically working on intrinsic challenges on a daily bases, effectively gathering and processing appropriate information to further enhance Google’s culture of innovation , having a rather unique business perspective and resource management have greatly impacted the company’s business model (Sullivan, J 2007). Moreover, Google’s strong focus on human capital and retention (Sullivan, J 2007), overtime, has given employees the opportunity to make a positive business impact towards the company’s overall business model, such as their ability to execute their move into online shopping, whilst competing with other large online shopping companied such as EBay and Amazon. Moving along, like Google employees, the company’s strong brand name also has a positive impact towards Google’s business model, as Google’s strong market position allows Google to be innovative with its offering products and services, which in the long term adds value for the company, through increased sales (T. Y. Chan, C. Wu, Y. Xie 2011). Google’s outstanding recognition, through high consumer awareness, allows the company for more opportunities to seek, such as still being an effective competitor in the online shopping sector, though previous changes were put into place (Sullivan, D 2012). Overall, Google’s strong brand names, and its competitive advantages such as the competencies as mentioned above, play an important role in positively impacting the company’s business model. Similarly, like competencies from knowledgeable and experienced employees, and the company’s strong brand name, Google’s loyal customer base also has a positive impact. Google’s recognition as the top search engine for online users (Interbrand, 2010) gives Google the opportunity for expansion, as its built customer base are more likely to become a continuous user of Google’s product lines and services, if they are able to be correctly executed, such as Google’s online shopping changes, that even though there were speculations (Morphy, E 2014), once placed into action, it was a more effective way for users to and retailers to sell and buy products. Whilst creating value from Google’s loyal base, in the long term, this largely impacts Google’s overall company’s business model, as this competency has created a competitive advantage (T. Y. Chan, C. Wu, Y. Xie  2011) that even though other search engine company’s may be successful, Google is still deemed as the most popular and most chosen by its users. Recommendations Presented, are recommendations Google should effectively consider and utilise in order to stay competent, meet to its consumers need and moreover keep an overall positive impact towards the company’s business model. Google is grounded in its culture of innovation; however, with the increase of competition, Google will need to overcome this challenge. In order to preserve its culture of innovation as they grow, it is highly recommended that Google overlooks its employee’s competencies and re adjust some aspects, so employees are able to effectively execute any task given, in order to keep Google’s innovations unique, and superior (Morphy, E 2014). Google should utilise appropriate dynamic processes that result in capabilities that adds to the strength of the company, in order to develop strong and positive competencies that support Google’s unique business model. In turn, this will result in a competitive advantage that Google will be able to override its c ompetitors. Moving along, in order to compete with competitors in the online shopping sector, such as Amazon and eBay, Google will need to effectively build onto its dynamic capabilities, by critically reviewing the strengths of their strategic assets, such as Google’s strong name (McDermott, T). This can be done through promotional strategies and the correct use of their enormous brand recognition in order to allow Google to make smart investments in terms of their retail efforts. Moreover, in regards to the Google online shopping site, in order to terminate speculation (Owen, V 2013) with Google’s customer base, Google should provide search results that are in the best interest of consumers shopping online, not provide customised search results that only work in the best interest of retailers and advertisers. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that Google has positive competencies to contribute to the company’s business model, as a result of Google’s strategic assets, dynamic capabilities and its competitive advantages. Moreover, this has allowed Google to maintain its strengths, whilst allowing for greater opportunities for growth and expansion. References Bhasin, K 2011, â€Å"The 20 Brands -The Most Loyal Customers†, Viewed 24th March 2014, < http://www.businessinsider.com.au/brand-loyalty-customers-2011-9?op=1 > . Hartwig, J. I 2012, â€Å"Google Shopping: Preparing for Paid Listings† Viewed 5th April 2014, . Interbrand 2010, â€Å"Interbrand Releases 11th Annual Ranking Of The 100 Best Global Brands†, viewed 20th March 2014, McDermott, T, 2004, â€Å"Defining Google†, Viewed 18 March 2014, . Morphy, E 2014, â€Å"Google Can Handle Data, But Can It Handle Actual Shoppers?†, Viewed 28th March 2014, Newth, F 2012 â€Å"Strategic Management and Business Models: A Modular Approach†, Business Expert Press, 1st edition, pp.80. Owen, V 2013, â€Å"Sellers Hit By Google Chargers†, Daily Mail, United Kingdom. Sullivan, D 2012, â€Å"Google Product Search to Become Google Shopping, Use Pay-To-Play Model† Viewed 20th March 2014, Sullivan, J 2007, â€Å"Google†, Journal of Workforce Management, vol.86, issue 20, pp.42. Sullivan, J 2013, â€Å"How Google Is Using People Analytics to Completely Reinvent HR†, Viewed on March 25th 2014, < http://www.tlnt.com/2013/02/26/how-google-is-using-people-analytics-to-completely-reinvent-hr/ >. T. Y. Chan, C. Wu, Y. Xie 2011, â€Å"Measuring the Lifetime Value of Customers Acquired from Google Search Advertising† Marketing Science, vol.30, issue 5, pp.837-850. Tsai, M 2011, â€Å" A Grounded Theory Study On The Business Model Structure Of Google†, International Journal Of Electronic Business Management, vol.9, issue 3, pp.231-242.

Business Envirmonet

It’s very common in large business to expand abroad; however there are a lot of factors that have to be considered before planning to start business in another country depending on which policies they have or what their background is as well as their stability or whether your product or business will sell over there. In this assignment I’m going to compare the challenges to business activities in two different environments, my two chosen environments are the UK and the Republic of China.I have chosen China and the UK as my two contrasting countries and my chosen business is KFC which is large global fast food chain, china is the most populated country in the world and is also has the largest economy. The Republic of China is an Asian country which is situated in east of Asia and it comes within the 3rd largest country in the world as well as the second largest economy in the works it also has a population of 1. 35 billion people.The capital city of China is Beijing howe ver the most populated city and a global financial center is Shanghai. My chosen business is KFC (Kentucky fried chicken it’s an American based business which is centered all over the world and it’s now moving to China, I will look into the problems they may face in China . The two economic environments that I am going to be describing are recession and growth on the business activities of KFC. Growth occurs when more goods are being produced and bought.During growth people tend spend more money on goods and services because they have more money to spend on products and services and also businesses will invest more and hire more staff as because there is an increase in demand for them. Recession however occurs when people running the business become more cautious with their spending so they cut their spending and orders as well laying of some of their more disposable employees thus making them redundant.It is said n the news that Chinas GDP growth rate has averaged out at 3. 1% In the most recent years, Chinese business has become more efficient and Chinas is now the 1st largest Asian economy, this means that if KFC wanted to expand in china they would al lot of competitions from other successful business who offer similar products. KFC is a one of the world’s leading fast food chain and their products are food and beverages where as Chinas is one of the world’s top producers of rice and wheat as well a livestock .This mean that if KFC wanted to expand into China and start operating there, it might face challenges where the retailers and costumers refuse to buy food from KFC because they’ve got other Chinese based fast food stores whom are just as good or they’d rather go to another major fast food chain e. g. McDonalds. However Chinas media industry is very big and there TV networks have more that billon subscribers or which is nearly triple the size of the UK, this gives KFC a huge advantage because they can advertis e their company through the media, this gives KFC a major opportunity to advertise as well as sell their beverages online.If KFC do decide to expand their business into operating in China, they will be provided with many opportunities , however there also some issues that their business be challenges with these issues are; Import taxes high import taxes are a barrier to many business, especially business like KFC because they have import some of their products, this cost them allot of money, this is one the reason why it’s not responsible for KFC to expand in China, however they could negotiate with China on exchanging goods for a lower import tax but that’s is a high risk to take.Lack of skills its much cheaper for KFC to hire and local labour, it might not be as effective because the workers may lack appropriate skills such as language skills or education. So KFC has to first consider this before they begin to operate in China, because lack of skills will and can aff ect KFC in a negative way e. g. their profits and sales will decrease or get affected because having good employees is essential for a business it creates less problems and make the business work more efficient .Growth affects the business activities for KFC because just as economy can change for a business so can the demand for products and both could be associated with each other. During growth you can expect to see a high demand for KFC’s good quality products so customers as well as potential customers would buy more during this time because customers are freer and relaxed over money spending compared to when it’s in a period of recession.Mostly you could see KFC looking into recruiting more workers as since product demand can increase a lot during the growth environment they’ll need more workers to spread out the job load for their employees because if they didn’t hire more staff To ease the job load and they just overloaded an employee with workload it could de-motivate them as well as make them fee undervalued. I will be looking into these factors which KFC may face when opening up a branch in China InflationRecession is when economy slows down, and the level of sales and production orders start to decline Inflation is the prices different of goods or service may vary they can either increase or decrease over time in the economy. Most businesses in the UK and China, by looking closely at the inflation rate as it could have a big effect on the business and because if the inflation rate increases there could be less sales as the prices of the goods will be high and the customers will spend less on goods and services as the prices will increase.Looking at the current inflation rate in China the rate has reached to 3. 1%. â€Å"Prices rose 3. 1% during the month, from a year earlier, up from 2. 6% in August, the National Bureau of Statistics said. The bureau said that food prices rose 6. 1% from a year ago due to the impact of n ational holidays, as well as droughts and floods in some regions.†Resulting in many Chinese banks such as â€Å"the bank of China† to raise their interest rates this will have an effect on as inflation rate goes high this will result on the customers spending less on fast food stores such as KFC and this would mean that the business will not be making enough money or breaking even on their monthly bases to afford many employees and also pay the bills and taxes so they need to lay down staff or close up their business and open up in either a different countries.In conclusion to this assignment I, in my point of few I don’t this its reasonable for KFC to expand I idea because there are al lot of challenges they may face and it’s not worth the risk.

Systems Analysis and Design Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Systems Analysis and Design - Case Study Example To identify if the migration succeeded, the primary step is evaluating database values between new and old systems, a test called a parallel type of test. The finishing success is the acceptance test, performing business operations, as well as processes effectively (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). The system will develop in every iteration. Integration testing shall be done as part of every iteration. The first system testing will be done in each iteration as a part of the build and smoke testing that is done. Nevertheless, a complete system testing will be conducted as part of a separate system as well as acceptance test activity. Now that integration testing along with build and smoke testing is conducted in each iteration, at the project end, there shall be the definition of a testing iteration to finalize system testing. In this final iteration, the following will take place. System testing, acceptance testing and stress and performance testing (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). Q1. Based on Figure 14-6—the XP methodology— divide your use cases into releases and iterations within each release. Develop a project iteration plan that includes the necessary activities at each level (system, release, iteration) for integration testing and acceptance testing. Compare your answer to this question to the project iteration plan you developed for Chapter 9. This system is used by contemplative media agents who rarely are in their offices and the media managers who work frequently in their offices. Therefore, the use cases that mostly apply to media managers will work well on larger computers with screens and keyboards. Some use cases, especially those for view the contemplative practices, will work well for notepads and laptops as well as for smartphone devices (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). The entire use cases as well as pages that view practices would be improved if map and location information are provided. This will facilitate both customers and

The History of Kuwait Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The History of Kuwait - Assignment Example The country is a constitutional monarchy but has a parliamentary system of governance. The constitutional emirate is a hereditary position and the emir is the chief of state while the head of government is the Prime Minister and deputy prime ministers who both are appointed by the emir. The legislature consists of 66 seats with 50 states elected by popular vote while appointed cabinet ministers occupy the rest. The judiciary is based on Sharia law and is impendent from government influence (Casey 19). Most of the Kuwaitis are Arabs and Islam is the dominant religion in the country with the majority being Sunni Muslims. Foreign groups include Iranians, South Asians, and expatriates and the official language is Arabic, but English is also spoken (O’Shea and Spilling 45). The religious minorities include Parsi, Hindu, and Christians and Native Kuwaitis do not pay any taxes. Kuwait’s foreign-policy making is based on quiet diplomacy, clarity, and straightforwardness and aim s at strengthening cooperation with other countries on the basis of non-intervention in the internal country affairs and mutual trust. Kuwait’s foreign policy is based on the ideals of sovereignty and freedom of political decision (O’Shea and Spilling 17). The Emir, Crown Prince, Prime Minister and government ministers occupy the executive branch and are key decision-makers. The chief of State is Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 2006) and Crown Prince is Nawafal – Ahmad. The decrees and pardons are executed by the Emir and have a lot of influence on the foreign policy decisions. The Emir is hereditary and is tasked with appointing the Prime Minister, and deputy prime ministers and approves the council of government ministers that is appointed by the Prime Minister (Casey 61). The parliament is a key decision-maker in foreign policy since it has the power to initiate legislation, remove the Emir and question actions of government ministers.

LSBM Research Project Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

LSBM Research Project Report - Assignment Example ..............................................6 Research resources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Implementation†¦...................................................................................................8 Data collection and analysis †¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Report outline 1. Formulation of the research out line 2. Introduction and general background to (LSBM) 3. Identification of the research process 4. Body Identification off the student enrollment problems at (LSBM) Literature review of the possible reasons why (LSBM) has less students Writing a research proposal for the project Preparation of a timetable Matching resources to the different research questions Implementation of research Collection and recording of data Using the best evaluation techniques Interpretation and analysis of the data Recommendations 5. Conclusion Introduction I will begin this essay by looking at how the general plan and strategies of the marketing department is affecting the student population of the school. Being at the centre of London, and having a well financed marketing department, LSBM is expected to have the h ighest number of students who come seeking education in the school. However this is not always the case. Our main question in this essay is to find out if indeed there is a way that the plan and the general strategies of the marketing departments have influenced the student population of the school. What are some of the actions that the school can take to improve the student population in the school and to try to keep the existing students in the school. If there is a problem with the marketing department and their overall marketing strategies, what are some of the things that should be done to help improve their general performance to the school. Different methodologies have been used in this research to collect data and to find out how this data relates with the research question. Research process Marketing process, involves the systematic identification, collection distribution and analysis of data for the purpose of knowing the problem and coming up with a solution. The timing f or performing this research is perfect and we will use quantitative marketing research to come up with the general research methodology and strategy. The strategies that are used here are mostly quantitative since most of the data that we use here is numerical. Factors determining the research project There are lots of influential factors which determine the type of research project to be selected. The main influential factor however is the relevance of the topic of the research paper. A research paper with a more relevant topic has high chances of being selected as compared to a research paper whose topic is completely irrelevant. To know how relevant the topic of a research is, you need to look deeply into the issues which are discussed in the research proposal. If the issues are genuine, then the research qualifies to be chosen. In our case here the most influential factor that has led to the research proj

Funding Proposal and Community Partners Research

Funding and Community Partners - Research Proposal Example tutes 50.3% of the total children population in Philadelphia, yet 73% of the total children population in the foster care in Philadelphia is constituted of black children (DAlmeida, 2013). The major problem associated with this problem is poverty. The National Bureau of Statistics has shown that the African Americans families in the USA are disproportionally poor. According to the 1999 statistics, African Americans form 12.9% of the total USA population, but the percentage of the African American families that are poor is 23.6% (McRoy, 2005). 22.9% of the population in Philadelphia lives in poverty, with 18.4% of all families in Philadelphia living under the poverty line, and most concerning, 31.3% of population under the age of 18 years in Philadelphia living in poverty (United States Census Bureau, 2010). Thus, The Humanitarian Agency seeks to support the poor families whose children have been placed in foster care in Philadelphia, as a way of facilitating the reunification of the children with their families. Children would have a better chance of realizing their destiny if they are reunited back and grow together with their families. Most families in Philadelphia are separated from their children, mostly due to the inability of the families to provide their children with a better home environment that would foster healthy children growth (United States Census Bureau, 2010). The result is trauma both to the families and their children associated with loss and separation. The requirements for reuniting the children back with their families are high and expensive for the poor families in Philadelphia. The cost of maintaining the children in foster care is also high. There is therefore a dire need to resettle the children in foster care in Philadelphia back to their homes. Thus, The Humanitarian Agency seeks to serve this community needs through: ii) Facilitate the reunification of children and their families through supporting home renting, mortgaging,

Comparative summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparative summaries - Essay Example For developed economies, governments offer subsidies in the form of drugs and other equipments that aid in provision of medical services. Health care financial management Health care financial management entails the use of different financial strategies in managing the financial resources of a healthcare facility. According to Goldsmith, (2011), organizations choose financial management stratagems based on the mission and the objective of the organizations. For non-profit organization, careful management of financial resources is essential for accounting purposes. Hence, the reason healthcare institutions use flexible budget. In budgeting, financial management aids organization in forecasting on its mission. Profit organizations increase profitability when forecasting for healthcare service. Amerigroup is an American corporation that offers medical services to individuals who receive healthcare benefits as funded by the public. The entity is a profit organization that sources for its funding from benefits from Medicaid and children programs. According to Dunham-Taylor & Pinczuk (2004), the corporation engages in duties such as providing in-patient care services, disease management services, homes visits and consultation services. Additionally, the organization offers clients insurance covers. According to records from the US department of health, the corporation serves clients in different parts of the United States. In 2011, 2 million people in Louisiana benefited from the services of the company. During the campaigns, the company sensitized the public on the benefits of taking medical covers. Amerigroup operates by sourcing funds from sales of its services. Consequently, professionals based in United States manage the finances of the company. They plan, coordinate and mobilize resources with the objective of providing services to the public through healthcare schemes. Today, Amerigroup operates hospitals in the United States, with a majority of the institutio ns being private institutions. According to Goldsmith, (2011), Amerigroup is a profit organization owned by stockholders from different parts of the United States. The stockholders make decision on behalf of the company when it comes to planning and restructuring financial obligations at the company. When it comes to profits profit sharing, Amerigroup shares its earnings with stockholders who pay taxes at the facility. Policies unique to each financial environment Policies for organizations that aim at making profits usually differ from policies of non-profit organizations. Analysis of non-profit organizations indicates that the administration is exempted from taxations and other charges that increase cost of operations. On the contrary, profit-making organizations are taxed highly hence, the high cost of healthcare in profit making facilities. Furthermore, the financial structure of private organizations differs with structure of the government (Dunham-Taylor & Pinczuk, 2004). Heal thcare financial environment is characterized by the activities of profit, non-profit and governmental organizations. However, private organizations are the leaders when it comes to issuing insurance packages, planning and meeting the needs of clients. In a profit environment, the management uses policies that promote the interest of the company.

Individual Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Paper - Essay Example It is the responsibility of the project manager to ensure that the organization selects the right project. For the survival of the project, adequate resources are vital which will ensure its sustenance to the final stage. The projects should be in line with the organizational goals. Periodical review of the program is necessary for the achievement of its set goals. In case, the planned outcome and the actual outcomes are not in unity, the program management reviews the entire project regarding the allocation of resources and carries out necessary changes to ensure the achievement of major objectives (Butler, 2012) The program management office assists in the formulation and the enforcement of different policies and standards that govern the implementation of the program. It monitors the progress of the project and reports to the project management team for necessary actions. This is one of the best practices in project management due to the active monitoring of the projects. Project portfolio management and the project management office are essential for the success of a project. The project management team outlines the resource requirements for the completion of the projects and seeks necessary funds to finance the expenses. Every stage of the project lifecycle is important for its success from its conception, planning, implementation, evaluation, and control. For these reasons, many organizations formulate the project portfolio management and project management departments within their organizations (Mustafa, 2012). The program management office provides the foundation for portfolio management. They provide project management guidance to the project managers. It is the responsibility of the project management office to establish a project management process for the organization. Project management office is necessary throughout the project life. The office sets the standards that it uses for comparison and the

Art and Protest Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art and Protest Paper - Essay Example It is what makes us be well rounded and thoughtful human beings. Art exists in our daily life Art is created when a person, with the intention of joining another person or other people to himself so as to share one feeling expresses that feeling through certain external actions. To give an example: if a boy experiences, let us say, fear after encountering a wolf and relates to that that encounter, he may narrate that encounter to others in order to evoke the feeling of what he has experienced in other people. Even if the boy had not encountered a wolf but he was afraid of one, he may decide to evoke this fear in others by inventing an encounter with a wolf which he recounts to his listeners. This is a form of art. In the same way, it is art if a man, who has experienced either the attraction of enjoyment or the fear of suffering, expresses his feelings in marble or on canvas so that others share in these feelings. It is also art if a man imagines feelings and decides to express them through sounds so as to affect their feelings (Karen 2). Source: http://protestgraffiti.blogspot.com/ We cannot deny that art comprises a large portion of our daily life that we hardly even pause to think about it (Jasper 130). Everything we use from tables, desks are works of art because somebody designed them. That is art. We can as well define art as something that is functional and in most cases aesthetically pleasing the eyes. Art is always in a constantly changing state making it difficult to pin down a specific definition to it. The type of art will differ from one artist to another. For some, art is used as a means expression through the creation of fictional characters. For others, it is the establishment of a world no one else has seen (Jasper 140).   When it comes to writing, each and every writer is different. Some writers may spend an entire paragraph describing how a character moves across a room while other will directly state that the character moved across the roo m. Some will use a ton of punctuations when writing their poetry; others use just the basic amount, while others don't use any punctuation at all.  Some poets will always use perfectly rhyming words while others will prefer an open verse. A good example is Rick Riordan, a top seller yet he is a simplistic writer. In contrast Stephanie Meyer uses a lot of detail and is also a top seller. Writing As Art Using the stroke of a paintbrush, a painter expresses himself on the canvas. Add more paint, broader strokes, different colors and the artist gets an image, a creation. Just like a painter, with the stroke of his pen, a writer begins a creation, a work of art. By arranging words and sentences, the writer creates a big picture just like a painter uses paint and brush to produce a picture. Art involves creating significant or beautiful portrayals. When we picture the things that stir us and move us emotionally, many of them are pieces of writing. Some of them are hundreds of years old, but they still contain the power to elicit visceral and powerful responses. When we think of any sonnets by William Shakespeare, Martin Luther King’s ‘I Have A Dream’ speech or the Declaration of Independence we are reminded of the emotional moments when they were read out (Hooper 65). The word contained in these writings are no less powerful today than the when they were first heard yet it is many years since they were composed. This is the essence of art, to evoke emotions. There are hundreds of

Multicultural Classroom Essay Example for Free

Multicultural Classroom Essay Teacher’s self assessment about his level of consciousness and awareness of other races, religion and cultures helps him a lot in planning the class room activity effectively. Talking about the crucial role of teachers in creating a multicultural class room, Betty Wilson highlights the importance of teachers learning of new cultures. She says: I think its very important for teachers to know their own cultures very well and study their own cultures, because then they begin to become more reflective listeners. They look at other peoples cultures in a different light, and they begin to see the similarities and differences in their cultures. It becomes a journey in a classroom of learning, because by the teacher sharing their own culture, then the students are more open to that. (Wilson, 2000) As Betty Wilson, the director of multicultural education at Oak Park School, rightly points out learning other cultures will be an enriching experience This demands not only learning new things and cultivating new habits but also unlearning old habits and beliefs. A resource center rich in solutions for the teachers solves many of the dilemmas of the teacher of multi-cultural class room. Sharing the experiences of other faculty members across the university or other institutions will be immensely useful for solving many of the issues in the day to day activities in the class room. Creating opportunities for knowing other cultures about their history and present situation and problems should be made a part of academic curricula. Planning on campus or off campus events teachers and their assistant will have a better understanding of the needs of young people who are members of different cultures. A multi-cultural celebration day is a wonderful idea for all the students who come from different cultures to express themselves freely and to recognize and understand the importance of other cultures. Setting up a bulletin board that gives equal importance to all the five different cultures without hurting the feelings of others is major step in announcing the multi-cultural festival. The board provides ample space for exhibiting the important or representative symbols all the cultures that are present in the class room. Assigning the work to the students to create their own poster expressing their cultural values and symbols encourages all the students and involves every student in the work. Monitoring their work without any interference in their creative expression is a delicate task and it should be dealt with very sensitively. Giving clear instructions in advance will solve many delicate issues. For example, informing the students clearly the place of their poster on the bulletin board following an objective method like the alphabetical order avoids scope for conflict. In fact, to create multicultural class room is a continuous process. It does not end with a multicultural festival. It requires careful planning and meticulous execution over a period of time to establish strongly a base for multicultural class room environment. It will not happen in a day or a semester. It is a demanding work for life long involving learning and unlearning. Creating a healthy multicultural class room is not just the work of the class teacher only. It needs active participation of every teaching and non teaching staff member of the institution. The support and leadership of the authorities who run the institution and the participation of all the departments are the foundation on which the edifice of a multicultural class room can be built. Of course, the process is bound to have certain occasional failures and setbacks but the process should be an ongoing one. It requires a lot of determination, time, effort and money and the investment of all these are worth building a multicultural world for a happy and healthy coexistence. It calls for a long-term investment, an investment in our own growth and change as well as in our students and in the university and society of which they and we will continue to be a part. (Mark Chesler, 2003) References Chesler Mark (2003) Teaching Well in the Diverse/Multicultural Classroom http://www.eduplace.com/science/profdev/articles/scott.html

Centralization Essay Example for Free

Centralization Essay Response #1 What does it mean for a business to relocate? Does it mean that businesses use relocation opportunities to expand their market coverage and to pursue the principles of economic and organizational optimization? In his article, Janowitz (2007) suggests, that relocation can be equally positive and harmful to businesses. I completely agree to the fact that before relocating, businesses should consider all available options and must guarantee that relocation does not harm the quality and overall effectiveness of the major business operations. However, I do not fully agree to the statement that relocation requires considering only a set of factors that characterize the chosen facility site. What seems more important is whether businesses can successfully and continuously perform during relocation. Janowitz (2007) is correct in that relocation is a costly and potentially dangerous procedure, but it is business continuity that should be included into the set of crucial aspects responsible for the success of all relocation attempts. Response #2 Centralization implies the need for businesses and production facilities to be concentrated in one location, and it is very probable that when decentralized, commanders will find it more difficult to effectively manage multiple units. Delisi (2009) suggests that centralization can not only enhance the quality of all management operations, but can give commanders an opportunity to get the training they need, while keeping equipment up-to-date without moving from site to site. Unfortunately, a big deal of information exists with regard to the drawbacks of centralization; and that most companies prefer to remain decentralized suggests that decentralization is probably the most optimal business choice. Unfortunately, centralization deprives businesses of organizational flexibility. Centralized decisions do not always fit into different organizational cultures, to which specific business units adhere. Finally, centralization does not provide business units and facilities with a chance to quickly respond to the changing environmental and market conditions; and although centralization may sometimes be beneficial, in the world of flexibility and innovation it remains the measure of last resort.

Contemporary Business Environment

Contemporary Business Environment 1. Introduction The contemporary business environment is extremely competitive and hence coping with such pressures calls for modern marketing which can go beyond developing a good product, pricing it attractively and making it accessible. Communicating with the present and potential stakeholders and the general public is no longer a matter of luxury but competitive necessity. Marketing gurus like Kotler and Keller (2006) believe that every company is inevitably cast into a role of a communicator and promoter. However, the main concern in the age of technology is not how to communicate but rather what to say, to whom and how often (Kotler and Keller, 2006). This is where marketing communications strategy comes into picture. This report will attempt to comparative analysis of Marketing Communications strategies and mix for the Cola drinks in the UK. Prior to diving into the crux of the report it is essential to have a understanding of the modes of communication which are generally included in the communication mix to form a communication strategy. Most of the experts entail five major modes of communication vis-à  -vis Advertising, Sales promotion, Public relations and publicity, personal selling, Direct and interactive marketing (Fill, 2006). Advertising: Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor (Kotler and Keller, 2006). Sales Promotion: Activities included under sales promotion can be described as a variety of short-term incentives to encourage trial or purchase of a product or service (Kotler and Keller, 2006). Public Relations and Publicity: These are a set of communication programs designed to promote and protect the companys image or its individual product (Kotler and Keller, 2006).. Personal selling: These include all face-to-face interactions with one or more prospective purchases with an aim of making presentations, answering questions and procuring orders (Kotler and Keller, 2006).. Direct and interactive marketing: This is a product of the technology revolution and includes the use of e-mail, post, telephone, fax or internet to communicate directly with or solicit response or dialogue from specific customers and prospect (Kotler and Keller, 2006). Keeping the above descriptions in mind an analysis of the communications strategy employed by the lead players in the soft-drink market can be attempted. However, any comprehensive analysis would need to follow a specific blue-print to lend credibility to the conclusions drawn as a result of the analysis. The next section would provide a brief overview of the methodology employed by the author. 2. Research Methods The methodology is a plan for collecting, organising and integrating collected data so that an end result can be reached (White, 2002). In order to prepare this report the author employed both primary and secondary data. To begin with the report analysed the current market situation to aid a better analysis of the communications strategy employed by the companies. The data collected for this review was primarily collected from industry reports like the Keynote reports. Search string of ‘soft drink industry was entered in following database: Business source elite, Emerald and Ingenta Connect. Followed by a thorough industry analysis current communications strategy for Coca-cola, Pepsi and the Supermarket brands were analysed. The company websites and current adverts were the predominant source for this information. However, Datamonitor company profiles were employed to provide reasoning for the companys choice of the strategy. Textbooks like marketing management by Kotler and Ke ller and the others mentioned in the reference section at the end of the paper were employed to give a sound theoretical background to all the discussions made about the communications strategies. 3. Market Overview Traditionally the soft drink market has been dominated by two giants fighting it out at the top vis-à  -vis Coca-cola and Pepsi Cola. Coke has however been the market leader for a long time now. However, the proverbial ‘Cola war as it has definitely not died out. According to the Keynote Drinks market review, the UK soft drinks market was worth more than  £7.3bn in 2005 (Fenn, 2005). Moreover, soft drinks accounted for 30% of total commercial beverages consumption (Fenn, 2005). However, the carbonated soft drink category has experience overall softness the last several years (Phillips, 2006). The communications strategy adopted by the players in the industry would be affected substantially by the changes in the industry dynamics and the best way to take a look at the relevant changes would be to employ a PEST analysis. 2.1 PEST analysis 2.1.1 Political Government pressures led the US and the UK soft drink industry to ban fizzy sodas from Elementary schools. Political, guided by high profile figures line Californias governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and public forces alike are pushing hard to extend the ban into High schools (Mercer, 2005). The Cola companies thus need a strategy to communicate a healthy image. Public health advocates and health researchers in the US and the UK have proposed a consumer paid Obesity Tax on carbonated drinks in a bid to reduce consumption and fight the global epidemic that is obesity. (Datamonitor, 2006b). This would require a even more forceful pursuit to produce an image make over into s drink that does not contribute to obesity in both the male and the female target audience. 2.1.2 Economic The 2000 US census indicated that the upper-income consumers were growing and the lower income declining rapidly, yet consistently (Ferrell and Hartline, 2005). This, in turn, lead to a trend in consumer spending and association with more luxurious things like music. 2.1.3 Social. Most of the lifestyle changes are closely related to the corresponding economic shifts. As mentioned above, on the one hand lifestyle awakenings towards healthier food and drink customs in developed countries possibly will fetter profitability, on the other hand heightened consumer spending power in developing countries like India and China have paved the way for a double digit increase in international sales of soft drinks (Fenn, 2005). 2.1.4 Technological Technology, today, is the single most imperative weapon for a firm to procure, enabling it to combat most threatening situations, ranging from reducing the cost of production to coming up with new-fangled healthier alternatives and novel strategies for communication. In a era where communication is a two way process, internet has helped the soft-drink industry in creating more awareness than ever before. 4. Analysis and Discussion On the basis of the industry situation entailed above the next few sections would analyse the current communications strategy employed by Coca-Cola, Pepsi and the Supermarket brands like Tesco Cola. 4.1 Coca cola The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola) manufactures markets and distributes non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups (Datamonitor, 2006a). The syrups, concentrates and beverage bases for Coca-Cola and nearly 400 other soft-drink brands are manufactured and sold by the Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries in nearly 200 countries around the world. More than 60% of its products are sold outside of the US (Datamonitor, 2006a). It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The company recorded revenues of $23,104 million during the fiscal year ended December 2005, an increase of 6.3% over 2004. The companys net profit was $4,872 million in fiscal year 2005, an increase of 0.5% over 2004 (Coca-Cola annual report, 2006). The company is a clear leader in the soft-drink market, especially in the UK. The European Union segment is the largest revenue segment of the company. Moreover, Coca-Cola is the worlds leading brand. Business-Week and Inter-brand, a branding consultancy, reckoned Coca-Cola as the leading brand in their top 100 global brands ranking in 2005 (Datamonitor, 2006a). All the above has been achieved with the aid of a very carefully planned marketing communication strategy consistently over the years. To attract younger consumers to its flagship cola, Coca-Cola launched new marketing and ad campaigns in 2003. It also changed graphics on Coke bottles and adopted a traditional look for its cans. On observing Coca-colas latest adverts and promotional activities it is clear the organisations target audience continues to be the young generation. The company has a tie up with Apple computers and provides free iTunes song on every bottle cover as a promotional activity. Given the popularity of Apples iPod among the young audience a promotional collaboration with the computer giant sends a very strong message to the consumers. The new colourful campaign labelled by the company as ‘the coke side of life reinforces the youthful image of the brand. There has always been an attempt to create a fun image for the drink, which till now the company has managed to communicate extremely effectively. Besides this the company has launched the new range of Coke Zero, which is an attempt to meet the industry requirements of health conscious drinks. Although diet Coke was already present, it was predominantly communicated as a female drink. Hence to expand its target audience to include the males, Coke had to launch a new drink communicating a fresh unisex message. Another trade-mark Coca-Cola way of promoting its products has been the use of high-profile sports events to promote its brands. The company was been chosen as one of the official sponsors for the FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany, as well as the Olympics Games 2008 in Beijing, China (Datamonitor, 2006a). The company has the opportunity to use these two high-profile events to strengthen its brands even further. Hence it is quite clear the target audience for the communication strategy is the younger generation. To provide a better a break down of the communication strategy employed by Coca-cola in terms of the communication mix is provided below. Advertising: The maximum amount of investment made by the company is in this area by employing leading personalities from sports, movies and other arenas. The advertisement costs for the company have been astronomically high and it has been highly criticised for it in the past (Datamonitor, 2006a). Sales Promotion: There are constant offers that come with a bottle or can of coke, be it free song on iTunes or a buy one get one free offer, there is always an incentive to buy. Publicity and Public relations: As mentioned earlier, Coke as a brand has been the first one to set a trend of sponsoring big occasions and creating strong opportunities for publicity. Personal selling and direct marketing: The only means of direct consumer interaction seems to be the internet which has a highly interactive and colourful website. Moreover, it has a barrage of competitions and opportunities to win a prize for its visitors thus providing another form of incentive. 4.2 Pepsi Cola PepsiCo is a leading global snack and beverage company. The company manufactures markets and sells a range of salty, convenient, sweet and grain-based snacks, carbonated and non-carbonated beverages and foods (Datamonitor, 2006b). The company operates in 200 countries besides the US and Canada (Datamonitor, 2006b). It is headquartered in Purchase, New York. The company recorded revenues of $32,562 million during the fiscal year ended December 2005, an increase of 11.3% over 2004. The net profit was $4,078 million in fiscal year 2005, a decrease of 3.2% from 2004 (Datamonitor, 2006b). It is however the second-largest manufacturer of carbonated soft-drinks in the world, second only to Coca-cola. There is not much to differentiate between Pepsi and Cokes current campaign elements. The reason and timing of the launches might be different and are discussed later on in the report. Pepsi has similar to Coke made music a part of its communication strategy by joining hands with yahoo music. Although not as attractive was the Coke campaign, the message is still louder, clearer and younger than ever before. Pepsi is sponsoring and flaunting a lot of sports personalities in its adverts as well ranging from rugby to cricket. Pepsis new message says ‘its the cola which is in synchrony with Pepsis tradition of structuring its messages to induce and assert choice over Coke. The communication mix is pretty much the same as that of Coca-cola. 4.3 The Supermarket Cola Supermarket colas include the likes of Tesco, Somerfield, Lidl etc. The primary aim of these colas is to give value for the customers money, in coherence with its main business objective. All supermarket brands have designed their communications strategy to achieve this main objective. For instance, the Tesco Cola would have price written on it in big font. Moreover, the label design and the content colour is similar to that of Pepsi and Coke to ensure that the customers are aware that they are getting the same product for a much more cheaper price. However, since this is not a very big segment of revenues for these supermarkets, specific communications based on promoting these drinks are not found. 4.4 Discussion Based on the above analysis a few crucial issues need be discussed to provide a deeper insight into the choice of the communications strategy chosen by each of the organisations. 4.4.1 Target Audience It is apparent from the above analysis that the communications strategy of all the three organisations is primarily based on identifying the target audience i.e. market segmentation. This could be a broad category based like the younger generation in case of Coke and Pepsi or a people shopping at the supermarkets in case of Tesco cola or other supermarket brands. The fundamental idea is to perform an image analysis and choose a communication strategy which would define a desired image (could be different from the present one). Moreover, this would also differ from product to product i.e. a diet coke is targeted more at the health conscious women. The current communication strategies in all three instances above seem to be hitting their target, however Coke as usual seems to be pulling out the best suited tricks with Pepsi just following suit i.e. taking music on board the communication strategy with iTunes seems to have boosted Cokes position much more while Pepsis association with yahoo music came only as an after thought. 4.4.2 Communication objective In cokes case the objective seems to be to maintain its strong brand identity and constantly renew it to keep the youthful feeling going. Since Coke is the market leader the communication objective does not have to attempt to change either the cognitive, affective or behavioural responses from its consumers. Pepsi on the other hand seems to be attempting to generate a liking among its target audience and capture Cokes share of the market. However, this does not seems to be working evident in Pepsis decreasing sales in the UK and the US (Datamonitor, 2006b). As far as the Supermarket brands are concerned Tesco colas communication objective is quite straight forward i.e. inducing preference among its customers to buy its product over the bigger brands by keeping the prices low and providing more value for money to its customers. 4.4.3 Message design The message design needs to reflect the communication object and appeal to the target audience. Cokes latest message says ‘the coke side of life, while Pepsi has been trying to woo its customers by ‘its the cola and the supermarket colas attempt to design the bottles similar to that of the bigger brands and add the word ‘value to the label. The messages from each of the three players seem to be in synchrony with their objectives, Cokes message design seems to have the right emotional selling proposition (ESP). 4.4.4 Message source The message for Pepsi and Coke are delivered by attractive and fit people predominantly from the sporting arena. This again reinforces the ‘health conscious image of the new drinks like Coke Zero. Moreover these are both male as well as female promoting zero calorie drink to expand the target audience from women to include men. However, how much the consumers trust the credibility of the people who communicate these messages to them remains to be seen. The supermarket Colas dont have to use these as their primary aim is to communicate to the consumer that it is a cheaper alternative and it is cheap because of meagre expenses in advertising. 4.4.5 Communication Channels Considering the size of the target audience the mode of communication chosen by Pepsi and Coke are justified i.e. the main channel of communication is television and internet. Adverts in papers, magazines and streets are commonly employed as well. However, the most cost intensive means is the television with each advert requiring a gargantuan amount of money. As mentioned earlier the supermarket brands cannot afford a high communication budget on solely marketing the colas especially at the price they need to sell it for. 5 Conclusion and Recommendations Taking into consideration all the points discussed above it can be concluded that the current communication strategy and mix employed by the organisations under scrutiny are a result of the changes in their external environment and are in synchrony with their apparent communication objectives. However, overall degree of influence exerted by the Pepsi communication message seems to be lower than its arch rival. While a consumer survey would be required to add credibility to the above statement the analysis and discussion do provide a useful insight into the communication strategy formulation process and the choice of the communication mix based on which few recommendations can be made. Identifying the target audience is the most crucial step towards developing an effective communication strategy. Moreover, while identifying the target audience and developing communication objectives the marketer needs to ensure that any gap between the current public perception and the image sought are covered. When deciding the marketing communication mix a cost benefit analysis of each tool needs to be done to ensure that the most effective strategy is produced within optimum budget. It is imperative to measure the marketing communication effectiveness by asking the target audience to recall the message, frequency etc in order to make any effective changes to an existing strategy.

Web Pages :: Internet Technology Computers Essays

Web Pages The phrase "point and click" is all too familiar to the basic computer user these days. With their computers, people now have the power to do see and do a plethora of things with this phrase. Thanks to the invasion of cyberspace, even more possibilities exist to the everyday computer user. The Internet is an almost infinite resource for providing great reference information, entertainment, and other everyday needs. Obviously, people have their preferences of which pages they find the best or most useful. It is also quite clear that different pages have different purposes and therefore are displayed quite differently. For the expert computer user, time seems to play a factor in a good web page in terms of a simple yet informative page. Others prefer stunning visual or even audio effects to receive information. Web pages come in all styles and forms and exist for different purposes. Their appeal is completely personal to the viewer. First off, I would like to talk about informational pages. These pages exist for the sole purpose of enabling people to find out about a certain subject. For example, I had to write a research paper on atheism. As I put the word "atheism" through the Lycos search engine, many great pages came up. A very popular thing that web sites have are FAQ's. FAQ's stands for frequently asked questions. Of course, these questions come with answers that are either very blunt and simple, or complex and detailed. I find that most FAQ's give me more than enough information to satisfy my needs. Informational pages tend to not have fancy backgrounds and options such as Quicktime movies, JPEGs, or sound applications. These are a waste of memory and for the most part are not helpful to people who need fast and quotable information. However, people who have the time and interest to utilize these options can benefit from them. For certain subjects like music, sounds are obviously a good thing to have on a page. Links to other related pages are great if you need more than one source to research a certain subject. However, I do not like pages that have thousands and thousands of links. It is overwhelming to find that many links. The web maker should provide around ten good links. After all, the pages that are linked also have many links to them as well.

Battle of Bull Run Essay -- essays research papers

In Virginia the first battle of the Civil War was fought, near Manassas, Virginia railroad junction, after which the battle is called (or First Bull Run, named after the flowing stream on the battlefield, if of the Union point of view). The armies in this first battle were not prodigious by later Civil War principles. The Federal services under Brigadier General Irvin McDowell were well thought-out into four divisions, of about 30,000 men. These divisions were commanded by Tyler, Hunter, Heintzelman, and Miles. The Confederate command structure was to some extent more unmanageable, including two "armies", with no division structure and thirteen independent brigades under Bonham, Ewell, Jones, Longstreet, Cocke, Early, Holmes, Kershaw, Evans, Jackson, Bartow, Bee, Smith, and a cavalry brigade under Stuart. The Confederate Army of the Potomac was under the command of Brigadier General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, and the Army of the Shenandoah was controlled by Brigadier General Joseph E. Johnston. These two forces would be equivalent to McDowell's strength. The first battle of Bull Run (or first battle of Manassas) was the first major engagement of the Civil War. Federal troops led by General McDowell advanced towards Manassas Junction, where Confederate troops were dug in, overcrowding the road to Richmond. Both Confederate and Union troops were not prepared for battle. Union troops advanced on Confederate troops, practically breaking through, but at the last split second, Confederate reinforcements arrived on the battlefield and carried the day. Union troops were routed. As Washington filled with Union soldiers, the anxiety grew to take action. Horace Greely, the mercurial editor of the New York Herald Tribune kept up a persistent stream of editorials echoed throughout the Union " Forward to Richmond- Forward to Richmond.? Army Chief of Staff Winfield Scott put forth a arrangement to beat the confederacy. He called for a inclusive barricade of South, followed by a forceful army to take hold of the Mississippi and New Orleans. Only after all this was accomplished he suggested launching a significant attack against the center of the Confederacy. He opposed any gradually actions. The demands for action however, could not be deprived of. General McDowell came up with a plan for a direct att... ... The line had to be held. A few moments later General Johnson gave the order for a counterattack. The Confederate attack quickly broke the Union lines. Before long the retreat of the union army turned into a complete rout. It was impossible to stop the retreating soldiers from heading all the way back to the Potomac River. In the midst of the flight were hundreds of sightseers from Washington, including six senators and ten Congressmen. As Congressman Riddle stated: "We called to them, tried to tell them there was no danger, called them to stop, implored them to stand. We called them cowards, denounced them in the most offensive term, put out our heavy revolvers, and threatened to shoot them, but all in vain; a cruel crazy, mad, hopeless panic possessed them, and communicated to everybody about in front and rear. The heat was awful, although now about six; the men were exhausted their mouths' gaped, their lips cracked and blackened with the powder of the cartridges they had bitten off in the battle, their eyes starting in frenzy; no mortal ever saw such a mass of ghastly wretches."

New Urbanism in The Truman Show Essay -- movies, films, film analysis

The Town of Seahaven Island is spiritually uplifting, quaint, and completely artificial. Everything and everyone, including the main character, Truman, are predictable in habit and pattern. Nothing happens spontaneously or out of synch. When Truman steps out of his usual routine, the entire town must leap into choreography of damage control. Carefully anticipated, controlled perfection must be restored, but this portrayal of contemporary urban life, however exaggerated, may be inappropriate (Rees; 2003; 104). New Urbanists believe physical design can influence behaviours and attitudes and cause organic evolution of ideal communities. In fact, romanticizing the village model through architectural codification and rules of development may be less engaging than vague and bland. Several criticisms of the New Urbanism style of community, versions of which are becoming extremely privatized, have been discussed. The New Urbanism regime of community is utopian and unnatural—a contradiction of the very ideals purported. New Urbanism is â€Å"family values architecture† of middle-class conservatism (Rees; 103). The simulated island portrayed in this film is certainly that. There are no distinctions of citizen wealth; everyone has a job except for the father who is initially portrayed as a wildly uncharacteristic homeless person. There are even an inordinate number of street sweepers and window washers. The costumes are decidedly 1950’s conservative values in style. These symbols are as stereotypical as the architecture, invoking a sense of pretense rather than the social transformation New Urbanists advance as â€Å"new† and therefore â€Å"good†. The New Urbanist outlook is one calling for an attractive, usable and democratic public commun... ...gle of totality (anything that is not New Urbanist is â€Å"bad†), the premise of New Urbanism being postmodern is confusing. â€Å"The location of New Urbanism both inside and outside postmodernism is as much a suggestion of the tensions within the definitions of postmodernism developed among architectural critics and cultural critics as it is a reflection of the movement† (Rees; 100). The Christof character expresses, â€Å"We accept the reality of the world with which we are presented.† Unfortunately, it is the escalating degree to which existing with each other seems to be regulated—and worse, regulated from within—that causes concern that the domino effect of withdrawal from larger society will occur. That may be Utopia for some; it is completely synthetic for most. The New Urbanist design and codification is unlikely to be sufficient to allow a community to evolve. New Urbanism in The Truman Show Essay -- movies, films, film analysis The Town of Seahaven Island is spiritually uplifting, quaint, and completely artificial. Everything and everyone, including the main character, Truman, are predictable in habit and pattern. Nothing happens spontaneously or out of synch. When Truman steps out of his usual routine, the entire town must leap into choreography of damage control. Carefully anticipated, controlled perfection must be restored, but this portrayal of contemporary urban life, however exaggerated, may be inappropriate (Rees; 2003; 104). New Urbanists believe physical design can influence behaviours and attitudes and cause organic evolution of ideal communities. In fact, romanticizing the village model through architectural codification and rules of development may be less engaging than vague and bland. Several criticisms of the New Urbanism style of community, versions of which are becoming extremely privatized, have been discussed. The New Urbanism regime of community is utopian and unnatural—a contradiction of the very ideals purported. New Urbanism is â€Å"family values architecture† of middle-class conservatism (Rees; 103). The simulated island portrayed in this film is certainly that. There are no distinctions of citizen wealth; everyone has a job except for the father who is initially portrayed as a wildly uncharacteristic homeless person. There are even an inordinate number of street sweepers and window washers. The costumes are decidedly 1950’s conservative values in style. These symbols are as stereotypical as the architecture, invoking a sense of pretense rather than the social transformation New Urbanists advance as â€Å"new† and therefore â€Å"good†. The New Urbanist outlook is one calling for an attractive, usable and democratic public commun... ...gle of totality (anything that is not New Urbanist is â€Å"bad†), the premise of New Urbanism being postmodern is confusing. â€Å"The location of New Urbanism both inside and outside postmodernism is as much a suggestion of the tensions within the definitions of postmodernism developed among architectural critics and cultural critics as it is a reflection of the movement† (Rees; 100). The Christof character expresses, â€Å"We accept the reality of the world with which we are presented.† Unfortunately, it is the escalating degree to which existing with each other seems to be regulated—and worse, regulated from within—that causes concern that the domino effect of withdrawal from larger society will occur. That may be Utopia for some; it is completely synthetic for most. The New Urbanist design and codification is unlikely to be sufficient to allow a community to evolve.

Why special needs children should be mainstreamed

This article spends the bulk of its clip informing the reader of the different facts behind the history of mainstreaming instruction. It begins with a glossary of different footings that are used when discoursing mainstreaming. This glossary becomes rather utile, in that it relates the reader to terminology such as, IDEA, which is the Persons with Disabilities Education Act, or IEPT which is Individualized Education Planning Team. It so moves on to the background of mainstream instruction. It shows the economic facets every bit good, demoing that to educate a mentally impaired kid it costs about three times the sum it does to educate a kid that is non mentally impaired. It so goes on to advert how Michigan has gone supra and beyond the federal Torahs when related to mainstream instruction. The article concludes by adverting the rapid growing of particular instruction, which besides means an addition in the demand for mainstreaming these kids. This article is a firsthand history of what one instructor has learned after learning kids that have been mainstreamed. She makes three points about what demand to be realized about mainstreaming in her article. The first thing she points out is a immense barrier towards mainstreaming. The writer points out that kids that are mentally impaired and mainstreamed, are by and large self-aware about it, and hence do non desire to pull attending to themselves, and so make non inquire inquiries, because they do non desire to look foolish. She so points out that kids that are non mentally impaired do non inquire inquiries because they do non desire to be looked at as the dense pupil. Another point that this writer makes is that mentally impaired pupils need one-on-one contact with a instructor, which can be hard when being mainstreamed, and being in category with 30 or more other pupils. This article was really enlightening, in demoing the differences between mainstreaming instruction for mentally impaired pupils, and the thought of inclusion. Perles points out that the chief difference between the two is the sum of support the pupil gets from instructors and other staff. Another big difference between the two is the outlook of the pupil. When being mainstreamed a mentally impaired pupil is expected to larn at a similar gait as the other pupils, although a small spot slower, when traveling through inclusion the outlooks are much lower, but are still related to what is expected of the other pupils. The thought behind mainstreaming is to assist a pupil better academically and socially by being given higher outlooks, and being around other pupils. The thought behind inclusion is assisting mentally impaired pupils better socially by puting them in schoolrooms with other pupils, instead than concentrate on faculty members. This article points out non merely some of the benefits of mainstream instruction, but besides some marks to state whether or non a pupil should be mainstreamed or non. The writer points out instantly that taking whether or non to mainstream a kid is a personal pick for any parent of a particular needs kid. She so mentions some of the factors one should see when make up one's minding whether or non to mainstream their kid. First, a parent should see the noise degree of a schoolroom, and whether their kid would be able to work with an increased noise degree, as compared to a schoolroom that contains other mentally impaired pupils merely. Another of import factor is how the kid behaves normally in public, if the kid is person that is non capable of acting themselves around other people in public, so they would non profit from being mainstreamed. The writer goes on to advert that mainstreaming can hold positive effects on all kids, the mentally disabled kids gain the societal accomplish ments, and derive friendly relationships, while other kids, without those disabilities learn how to handle people that are different than they are. This article attempts to present the reader to the construct of mainstreaming mentally impaired kids in public instruction. The writer starts the article by specifying what inclusion is. He so points out that there are two chief types of inclusion. Inclusion itself is when particular demands kids spends a few categories with general instruction classs, and so pass the remainder of the twenty-four hours with the particular instruction categories, whereas Full-inclusion is when particular needs kids spend the full twenty-four hours in general instruction categories. Full-inclusion frequently means that there is either no particular instruction schoolroom, or that there are really few pupils in at that place, with merely one or two instructors. As the writer points out, inclusion is popular for a few grounds, first it follows the American with Disabilities Education Act ( aka IDEA ) , and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Another large ground that inclusion is a popular thought is that it is cost effectual, by incorporating mentally disabled pupils into general instruction schoolrooms, schools do non necessitate to engage as many staff members as they would if they were unable to mainstream those pupils. Arguably the biggest job confronting inclusion is the deficiency of general instruction instructors being trained so that they are able to learn both the mentally disabled pupils and the other pupils reasonably, without being excessively hard on the mentally handicapped, and without being excessively simple for the remainder of the category. This article looks at the practicality of inclusion. The writer spends most of the article informing the reader about some of the jobs that face inclusion, and the practicality of it. She mentions that one of the biggest jobs confronting inclusion is that the instructors need to be trained in how to learn, non merely general instruction pupils, but besides mentally impaired pupils, and non merely separately, but both at the same clip. What the reader needs to recognize, nevertheless, is that the writer is non merely playing Satans advocator for inclusion, but instead, the writer is indicating out the defects with full-inclusion, which is easy the more hard of the two when it comes to execution. Unfortunately, many of the points that are brought up in this article that have become outdated, and this is non the mistake of the writer. The article was originally published in October 1997. Over the last 13 old ages, while the jobs that are brought frontward by the writer have non been sol ved, but at that place have been paces to better these jobs, and they are being solved reasonably quickly. This article informs the reader of what an inclusive school is like. The writer points out that if inclusion is traveling to be successful, so the mentally impaired pupils need to be viewed the same as any other pupil, by every other pupil. Until this happens, inclusion can non be considered complete, or successful. The writer besides includes a chart of things that inclusion seeks to make in any schoolroom, things that it tries to make less of, and things it tries to make more of. This includes things like Less whole category teacher-directed direction and More attending to affectional demands and the changing cognitive manners of single pupils. If inclusion is traveling to work so schools need to turn to the points that this writer brings up, and either work out the jobs associated with them, or implement the different thoughts. This article sets out to open the eyes of the reader to the existent grounds behind the mainstream motion. The writer points out instantly the grounds that she believes mainstream instruction has become such a popular thought. The writers first ground for the popularity behind the popularity it has incurred is cost. It is a batch cheaper to pay for a few instructors that can learn both mentally disabled kids, and general instruction kids, than wage for instructors for each separately. The ground is non so that schools can do more money by non paying for single particular instruction teachers, but instead because schools are confronting more and more budget cuts, particularly in Michigan, schools need to happen manner to cut costs, and by doing particular needs kids take category with general instruction pupils the school does non hold to pay for an excess teacher. The writer so mentions that this is all being done deceivingly, by mentioning that this is being done so that mentally im paired kids are treated with equality, when compared to other kids, people decide that these kids need to be mainstreamed, and the terminal consequence is that they may non be acquiring the instruction they would be acquiring if they were non being mainstreamed. This article is alone from the remainder in that it non merely supports the thought of mainstream instruction, but the article lists seven stairss that parents of mentally disabled kids should travel through to assist find whether or non they should see mainstreaming their kid. The writer besides mentions that while mainstreaming is something to see, there are certain fortunes that one needs to believe about earlier merely presuming that mainstreaming their kid is the right manner to travel. Before one determines that they will partake with a mainstream-style instruction for their kid they need to see the badness of their kids damage. If their kid is badly impaired, or needs a batch of single attending, so the kid can non work in a mainstream environment, and it would destroy the categories that they would go to. But, if you determine that your kid will be able to manage mainstream instruction, they should. There have been surveies that have shown that kids that go through mainstream instruction go more functioning parts of society than those that were isolated in merely particular instruction schoolrooms. One key point that the writer did do is that mainstream instruction demands to turn to the demands of the mentally impaired kid, while still turn toing what the other pupils need academically. This article decidedly seems to be the most cheerful about mainstream instruction. The writer references that for mainstream instruction to work parents necessitate to be involved, but allow the kids believe they are the ground that everything is working so good. While the parents need to let their kids to believe this duty is theirs entirely, the parents besides play a important function in how effectual mainstream instruction will be for their kid. The parents need to back up their kids, while keeping a moderately high degree of outlooks for their kids, and this manner the pupil will make their maximal potency. One really of import factor that the3 writer points out is that, while parents can presume that the people in charge of running mainstream instruction have their kids best involvement in head, the parents are the lone people that are traveling to be worried about their kid above all else. Parents need to be the figure one advocator for their kid, or they will non acquire wha t they want out of mainstream instruction. This article points out something that none of the others has, mainstream instruction does non merely impact the parents, and mentally handicapped kid. Mainstream instruction affects the full household, siblings can frequently clock feel isolated from their parents when all of this attending is traveling to merely one of their kids. The writer points out that one thing that parents should look into is happening some signifier of support for everyone in the household.