Whats Actually Happening with Relationship Essay Topics

What's Actually Happening with Relationship Essay Topics A number of the essay topics below may appear to contain subjects that don't have anything in common. When the narrative essay topic isn't assigned, students may use a number of the subsequent ideas during their brainstorming topic. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's critical to at all times be critically considering the world around us. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Perhaps a breakup feels like the largest hardship you've faced thus far, or maybe you believe the way you supported your 10th grade girlfriend during her science competition appears to be a terrific metaphor for how you intend to support your university community. Many students have a tendency to encounter the writing issues due to the dearth of suitable comprehension. The student who's interested in several forms of marketing is in a position to discover the issue on relationship marketing attempting to analyze the matter from many sides. There are invariably a broad range of opinions on the topic of technology, and here are our favourite things to consider on this issue. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure to do your homework on what the recent laws about your preferred topic actually say. The above-mentioned topic selection may give you a very clear understanding of what things to write about. The introduction should offer general information which will be included in the guide. The Basic Facts of Relationship Essay Topics Grandparents and Grandchildren Relationships There are many advantages which can be enjoyed as a consequence of the relationships between grandparents and their grandchildren. Friends are different than your parents since there are some things you don't do with your parents. Relationships give you the opportunity to interact with those you are closest to. Possessing an excellent relationship with your family is essential. You'll discover contrasting characteristics in addition to similar characteristics in each individual set. There are a lot of methods in which we can start to reconsider our relationship with nature, but all of which require a massive work. During the adolescent stage there are lots of changes which take place both bodily and emotional. Nonetheless, however, there are lots of kinds of relationships. There are lots of places to visit get help to then recover. If folks are capable of developing their relationships wisely and reasonably, they're likely to be more pleased with the outcome. The very first step is where a lot of students become stuck. A big number of individuals around the world have experienced abusive relationships. What About Relationship Essay Topics? Subsequently, relationships aren't a stable substance. If they never happened you would not be able to tell the real person you are. Possessing a relationship is a rather important point to get in life. Keeping a relationship romantic will need a good deal of work and cannot be led by emotions only. Write about the guy who has had the best effect on your life. The healing procedure is a time once we have to be loving to the self. To conclude, it is logical to say that each sort of relationship might bring happiness to individuals taking into consideration their expectation from the relationships. Do not enable the love' chemicals let you rush into a poor relationship. Both authentic beings collide to make something that's beyond objectification. Loving relations begin with the self. Moreover, there are laws which were created to shield victims from domestic violence. As a relationship can't start to exist until the connection between two people begins to take by itself, unique characteristics, it does not have any meaning whatsoever until then.

Essay on The Effects of Population Density and Noise - Psy...

Running head: The Effects of Population and Noise Pollution The Effects of Population Density and Noise Pollution University of Phoenix PSY 460 Dr. Michael Mckellip The Effects of Population Density and Noise The term population density is described as a measurement of the number of people in an area. It is calculated by dividing the number of people by area. As of the last U.S. census, the average population density of the United States was 87.4 people per square mile (US Census Bureau, 2010). This is just an objective fact though and has little, if any, applicability to the average American’s daily life. However, when issues of excess population noise and†¦show more content†¦The use of sound absorbing materials and sound canceling technology reduces noise to bearable levels. It is important to remember that even though the effects of noise are cumulative, noise itself is not. Only by reducing the loudest sounds can the decibel (db) level be reduced. If medium range noises are eliminated the overall db level does not go down substantially, since db does not follow a linear pattern. Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Pr oxemics is the study of the human use of space within the context of culture and has been point out by anthropologist Edward T. Hall (1966). Proxemics refers fours fundamental areas: space, distance, privacy and territory. In regard to the concept of noise, the positioning of people in their social and physical worlds is predicated on cultural, psychological, and environmental influences. Territoriality Human territoriality is the attempt to control what goes on in a specific geographical area. There are various ways to control space that range from pure physical force of an individual to organized sets of laws. Most geographers believe that human territoriality differs from the territorial behavior observed in other forms of life because human behavior is learned and animal behavior is instinctive. In humans, territoriality falls within three domains: primary, secondary, and public. PrimaryShow MoreRelatedImplication for the Future Teampaper1954 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effects of Population Density and Noise Buffy Welch October 22, 2012 PSY/ 460 Jennifer McBlaine Population density and noise has an effect on individuals in many different ways. When an individual’s privacy, territory, personal space has been infringed upon by another or the chronic to short-term noise has an effect on an individual that ranges from simple annoyance to severe intrusive anxiety- producing illness (Straub, 2007). As the population density increases every year, an individual

Restaurant Industry Essay Example For Students

Restaurant Industry Essay Discussion of the problem Sanjay Thomas, a second-year MBA student at M.I.T. Sloan School of Management has three choices after he graduates. The first one is an excellent job offer that he received from a top-flight management consulting firm. The second option is to open an upscale restaurant that will serve Indian gourmet cuisine. The third option is to open the restaurant with his aunt. Each option has positive and negative aspects, but when Sanjay compares them only the financial benefits are relevant. If Sanjay takes the job offered by the management consulting firm he would earn a salary of $80,000 a year. If he decides to open the restaurant, he would face a different scenario. To figure out Sanjays salary he would have to take into account three variables: number of meals sold, revenue per meal, and labor cost. If Sanjay opens the restaurant in partnership with his aunt, she would guarantee him a salary of at least $3,500 a month, and in return she would get 90% of all monthly earnings in excess of $9,000. Data Analysis Sanjay estimated the following statistics for the variables that affect the expected salary at the restaurant. First, the number of meals obeys a normal distribution with a mean of 3,000 and a standard deviation of 1,000. Second, the revenue per meals is $20.00 with a probability of 25%, $18.50 with a probability of 35%, $16. 50 with a probability of 30%, and $15.00 with a probability of 10%. Third, the labor cost follows a continuous uniform distribution between $5,040 and $6,860. He also estimates that there are two fixed costs. One is the fixed cost per meal of $11 and the other one is non labor cost of $3,995. All these variables and fixed costs were used in a simulation software package to forecast the expected salary on the restaurant for the two situations: one running the restaurant by alone, and the other one, running it with his aunt. Each simulation consisted of 10,000 trials. The result of Sanjay running the restaurant alone is represented in Graph A. With a mean of $10,845 and standard deviation of $8,568 (Table 1), this option shows that the expected salary would be higher than the $6,666 monthly salary that he would earn in the consulting firm ($80,000/ 12). At the same time, the standard deviation projects a high variability on the expected salary, which means that there is the potential of earning more money than at the firm and of losing money running the business. As seen in Graph B, The cumulative chart for the first simulation, the probability that Sanjay would earn more than $5,000, the amount he considers acceptable, is around 28%. This value shows the high risk that he has by running the restaurant. This graph also shows that the probability that he would earn more than $6,666 is 65%. This should sound attractive to Sanjay because he has an opportunity to earn more than $6,666, an opportunity that he would not have at the consulting company. The graph also shows that he has an interesting opportunity of making more than $10,000 with a probability of 50%. Running the restaurant alone has its advantages and disadvantages as seen on the simulation results. Another simulation was run considering the aunts proposal. For this simulation the conditions that the aunt gave Sanjay were included as if statements in the program. The results for this simulation are shown in Graph C. This simulation presented a mean of $7,653 and a standard deviation of $2,700. Even though the mean is lower, the standard deviation is considerably lower which means that the expected salary would be more stable. .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a , .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a .postImageUrl , .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a , .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a:hover , .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a:visited , .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a:active { border:0!important; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a:active , .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1544daa4f9bd09a1fbb84be4f38a249a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Evolution Of Rap Music EssayGraph D depicts the cumulative distribution for this simulation. The probability that the salary is lower than $5,000 is 28%. There is no change in this result because the changes that the salaries would have with the partnership are not affected if they are between $3,500 and $9,000. The positive feature in this option is that he will never lose money, and even better, he will guarantee $3,500 a month. At this stage this one looks like the best option that he has. The problem is that it would be very difficult to make more than .

Symbolism in “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” Essay Example

Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† Paper Mary Flannery O’Connor was an influential American writer who was born in 1925, writing two novels, thirty-two short stories and numerous essays and reviews. Her life was complicated by a fifteen-year battle with lupus and she died at the age of thirty-nine. Her philosophy on fiction writing was that it should first and foremost be based in the solidly concrete world (Olson, 42). This is the essence of how she breathed life into her work. She explored symbolism and deeper themes as well, but they came after the concrete details. Some persistent symbolic themes in her writing include farms, small towns, hallucinations or hallucinations, the south, violence, prejudice, self-discovery, and, her most common theme, religion and the Catholic faith (Irving, 113). O’Connor uses recurring themes and symbolism in all of her stories, none more so that â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find. † These symbols are hidden in the prose and unlocking them adds to the depth, influence and impact of the story. The prevalent symbolism used pertains to the Catholic faith, Jesus and judgment. She also uses color and character to tie in the idea of the changing times and society’s disintegration. Everything from the name of the town they are seeking, the forest and the journey itself are used by in this story to represent a deeper truth. They explore the innermost struggle of man and the quest for self-identity and understanding and the need for a person to face their own reality by delving into their character rather than the place they believe they hold in the society and the concrete world. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The characters of the grandmother and the Misfit symbolize different aspects of human self-awareness as well as the idea of Jesus, redemption and hypocrisy. Their depiction as symbols instead of solidly real individuals is evident in their names – they are not given one. Instead they are referred to by the place they hold in society, the â€Å"grandmother†, the â€Å"Misfit,† which is more important than who they are as people. The grandmother is the sinner, so blinded by her own self-perceived morality and social identity that she is blinded to her own faults and therefore fails to repent. Her faith is all about appearances rather than sincerity, such as her selection for her attire and the reason for it, Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady (O’Connor, 118). The Misfit, while the villain of the tale, sits as judge and jury. He is the only one in the story that contemplates the deeper truth to man’s existence, indicating his contemplative nature and the need for man to question their existence, â€Å"Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead . . . He shouldn’t have done it . . . If He did what He said, then it’s nothing to do but throw away everything and follow Him, and if He didn’t, then it’s nothing for you to do but enjoy the few minutes you got left† (O’Connor, 132). While the grandmother fails to recognize her own faults, the Misfit knows not only his own failings but also those of others, indicating the all-seeing eye of Jesus (Bonney, 351). When she is left alone with the Misfit, after several tries, she manages to say, â€Å"Jesus, Jesus,† meaning that the Misfit should pray, yet it came out as a curse. This statement is evidence that she secretly blames God and Christ for her dilemma. The Misfit on the other hand does not believe in a higher power even as he symbolizes one. Additionally, the Misfit originally chose the pseudonym he holds because he believed he was punished excessively for his perceived crime, which he does not remember. This is similar to how Jesus died for the sins of all mankind, as He did not have any of his own. The grandmother brings up Jesus and prayer because she is trying to find a way out so she hopes to instill grace and regret in the Misfit; she does so to save her own life rather than because she believed: she is a hypocrite. After recognizing the Misfit’s identity, much as one recognizes the presence of God at the time of judgment, the grandmother devotes herself to trying to escape the net she is caught in rather than in the act of prayer. She even denies Jesus, even calling the Misfit Jesus, in an attempt to stave off her own demise and offers counterfeit affection to the Misfit in order to persuade him to relent, â€Å"’Why you’re one of my babies . . . one of my own children! ’ She reached out and touched him† (O’Connor, 132). The Misfit recognized the falseness of her actions and shot her through the chest, much as Jesus knows when a person’s belief is true or if they merely seem faithful. While the grandmother has a greater capacity for grace than the Misfit does, she fails to fulfill it (Bandy, 110). The family’s journey itself is a symbol of man’s walk of faith. The grandmother does not wish to go to Florida, does not wish to walk the correct path and stay true to her beliefs. When her requests are ignored and she is forced to travel to Florida instead of Tennessee, she dresses it up in artifice rather than sincerity. At the first opportunity, she attempts to detour the family to another road, using persuasion and deception to generate supporters, she steers others away from the path of God as well. This is their undoing as it places them directly in the way of tragedy. Here too, the Misfit symbolizes Jesus. As Jesus knows when a person is unfaithful, the Misfit judges and punishes the family for their lack of faith (Bandy, 111). At the beginning of the story, the children play the game of identifying shapes in the clouds. This ties into the use of symbols to represent the grandmother’s superficial faith. Clouds are ever changing decorations of the sky, much as she ‘decorates’ herself in lady like apparel in order to portray an image that she does not feel. The clouds present an appearance of one thing but are in fact quite different. After the family’s accident, the Misfit comments that the sky is without sun or clouds: the artifice has been stripped away as well as the guide for the grandmother to follow – the sun, which is always present in the day, is identified as absent here. The Misfit sees the truth of the grandmother’s character and does not allow her to hide behind false pretenses or recover her lost path; she is to be punished for her crime. Here, the Misfit is the vengeful God and the sinner is not so innocent. Rather that symbolizing innocence, as children often do in works of fiction, in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† they represent the aspects of life that one cannot control and the truth that those events hold. In the beginning of the story, as the grandmother attempts to dissuade the family from going to Florida and to go instead to Tennessee, John Wesley asks the grandmother why she does not just stay home. June Star replies â€Å"She wouldn’t stay home to be queen for a day. † Only June Star recognizes this aspect of her grandmother’s personality and is forthright enough to mention. Throughout the story, June Star speaks her truth honestly and openly, though her opinions are high-minded and prejudicial. The Misfit mentions his unease with children, saying that they make him nervous. He recognizes their capacity for unpredictable behavior, as the road of life is unpredictable, and asks his companions to rein them in. There are many symbols of death through the story, particularly toward the end of the family’s journey. The name of the town the grandmother is seeking is called Toombsboro, clearly calling to mind the image of a tomb. She is inadvertently seeking death. The dark and heavy forest near where the family has their accident is a symbol of death as well, with its shadows, hidden threats and unknowable reality. Indeed, five members of the family find their end in these woods. The car driven by the Misfit and his two companions is described as â€Å"hearse-like;† a very blatant symbol of death and one’s journey to what waits beyond. Another symbol used throughout the story is the color red, used to represent the fact that society is changing. Red is the most used color in the work, creating a link for each character and event to follow. The grandmother and Red Sammy, the restaurant owner, reminisce together on better times, revealing their own prejudice on how things have changed. This identifies Red Sammy as a symbol of those changing times. When she later remembers that the plantation is in another state, she goes â€Å"red. † This ties her embarrassment to Red Sammy – red and Red – and their discussion of the good old days. She had failed to recall them correctly and she was deeply embarrassed. Later, when the men get out of the car, it is revealed that one of the occupants was wearing a red sweatshirt, another tie to red. The third man’s ankles were also described as red as he was climbing down the embankment and the Misfit’s eyes are described as â€Å"red-rimmed. † It also symbolizes anger as the grandmother is angered by the fact that the times had changed. These images further symbolize the way society had altered as these men represent those changes. This color symbolism ties each of these aspects of the story together in a united theme. The symbolism used in this story instills in the reader a deeper sense of appreciation as well as a desire to look into themselves in order to discover their own truth. The united themes and symbolism tie the story together and without them, the depiction created would be hollow, without a soul or any real meaning. O’Connor centers her stories around the concrete world; yet, it is the depth she weaves into her fiction that makes it so valuable. The Christian faith is clearly her resounding symbol in this story, yet other aspects of it stand forth as well. The grandmother and the Misfit are not people; they are representations of the flaws and frailties in all human beings, the ones that define man as a sinner and make mankind run from itself. By penning these startling tributes to self-discovery and truth, O’Connor is able to grasp the very real and necessary desire for society to examine itself neutrally rather than with rose-colored glasses. Works Cited Bandy, Stephen. â€Å"`One of My Babies: The misfit and the grandmother. † Studies in Short Fiction; Winter96, Vol. 33 Issue 1. 107-118. Bonney, William. â€Å"The Moral Structure of Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find. † Studies in Short Fiction; Summer 90, Vol. 27 Issue 3, 347-356. Irving, Malin. â€Å"Flannery O’Connor and the Grotesque. † In the Added Dimension: The Art and Mind of Flannery O’Connor. Melvin Friedman and Lewis A. Lawson, eds. New York: Fordham University Press, 1966. 113-114. O’Connor, Flannery. â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find. † The Complete Stories. New York: Ferrar, Straus and Giroux, 1971. 117-133. Olson, Steven. â€Å"Tarwater’s Hats. † Studies in the Literary Imagination; Fall 1987, Vol. 20, Issue 2, 37-49.

Review of Harry Potter essays

Review of Harry Potter essays This filmed version adapted J. K. Rowling widely populated book: Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone. The legendary director and producer Thomas Mahoney unlike his many previous awards offered a surprisingly low level production. The story in itself would be highly interesting as it shows the adventures of a ten years old boy. The parents of the protagonist were magicians but they were murdered by an extremely vicious magician. Harry lives with his relatives who do not care of him hating the exceptionally talented boy. His life turns when he gets to Hogwarts, the school for young witches and wizards. There he finds reliable, inventive friends with whom they go through awful adventures until they overcome Harrys enigmatic enemy. I must start by saying the cast was not deliberately chosen as the children are unable to proper, convincing interplay. I was particularly disappointed at watching the poorly interpreted dialogues between the schoolmates (David Radcliff and Emma Watson). Quite frankly, some of the adult roles were definitely phoney and the depiction bordered on caricature. I cant accept that the stylist has failed show off his craft and created everyday appearance for the actors, actresses. In fact, you could say that the special effects, in sound and picture respect, were perfunctorily composed. Many scenes are too long and hereby too dull without real action. My reservation is that a few scenes will be undoubtedly frightening for children under age of 10. The finishing touch for me is its length: 1 hour 54 minutes, some kids wont be able to sit still for it. All in all I recommend it for those who want to compare the book with the adaptation and who are patient enough. ...

Stroke Warning Signs Seen Hours or Days Before Attack

Stroke Warning Signs Seen Hours or Days Before Attack Warning signs of a stroke may appear as early as seven days before an attack and require urgent treatment to prevent serious damage to the brain, according to a study of stroke patients published in the March 8, 2005 issue of Neurology, the scientific journal of the American Academy of Neurology. A total of 80 percent of strokes are ischemic, caused by the narrowing of the large or small arteries of the brain, or by clots that block blood flow to the brain. They are often preceded by a transient ischemic attack (TIA), a â€Å"warning stroke† or â€Å"mini-stroke† that shows symptoms similar to a stroke, typically lasts less than five minutes and does not injure the brain. The study examined 2,416 people who had experienced an ischemic stroke. In 549 patients, TIAs were experienced prior to the ischemic stroke and in most cases occurred within the preceding seven days: 17 percent occurring on the day of the stroke, 9 percent on the previous day, and 43 percent at some point during the seven days prior to the stroke. â€Å"We have known for some time that TIAs are often a precursor to a major stroke,† said study author Peter M. Rothwell, MD, Ph.D., FRCP, of the Department of Clinical Neurology at Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford, England. â€Å"What we haven’t been able to determine is how urgently patients must be assessed following a TIA in order to receive the most effective preventive treatment. This study indicates that the timing of a TIA is critical, and the most effective treatments should be initiated within hours of a TIA in order to prevent a major attack.† The American Academy of Neurology, an association of more than 18,000 neurologists and neuroscience professionals, is dedicated to improving patient care through education and research. A neurologist is a doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating and managing disorders of the brain and nervous systems such as stroke, Alzheimers disease, epilepsy, Parkinsons disease, autism, and multiple sclerosis. Common Symptoms of a TIA While similar to those of a stroke, the symptoms of a TIA are temporary, and include: Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body.Sudden confusion or problems understanding.Sudden difficulty speaking.Sudden vision difficulty in one or both eyes.Sudden dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, or difficulty walking.Sudden, severe headache with no apparent cause.

A rose for emily Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A rose for emily - Essay Example Instead, he chooses to simply narrate the facts as told by the people of Jefferson. This narration slowly unravels before us Emily’s personality through the affairs that take place and ‘Emily’ as perceived by the people of her town. From the short story, one can figure out that Emily had been the only daughter of a wealthy and overprotective father. The line ‘We remembered all the young men her father had driven away’ tells us how her father had prevented her from being in any relationship. The overprotective father did not realize then that this would make his daughter reticent. She refrained from socializing even after her father’s death. People of Jefferson did not make an effort to befriend her. Emily and her family were looked at as â€Å"tableau† by the citizens of Jefferson. They visited Emily only to offer condolences after her father’s death. They never tried to know her personally. Perhaps, they were intimidated by her ‘august’ origins. That is why, when Homer Barron came into her life, Emily, finally, found a friend. Emily may have become possessive of Homer since he was the only friend she had. Later, in the story, the author hints that Homer might have been gay. Emily was obstinate. She liked everything to be as she wished. Hence, when she realized that she could lose Homer to a guy, she killed Homer. She had his dead body put in her room so that she could have him for the rest of her life. That Emily was stubborn and obstinate was revealed by a number of other events. Firstly, she refused to pay taxes because she believed that the people of Jefferson owed her father some amount of money. Secondly, she bought arsenic to kill Homer. On being questioned by the pharmacist, she refused to answer him and gave him a cold stare. One incident that makes the reader think profoundly of her mental state is the death of her father. Emily, initially, refused to believe that her father was

Economics for Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics for Decision Making - Essay Example Their usual tool is always federal funds rate, the rate which banks pay on overnight loans to borrow from each other.     Open-Market Operations is another critical tool that when combined with favourable macroeconomic policy can help achieve desired growth as The Fed constantly sells and buys U.S. government securities more often than not in the financial markets, thus influences the level of reserves available the banking system. Should these tools be applied well throughout the 2015 and other tools, US will have even better and sustainable throughout 2015. Continental Airlines and United Airlines agreed to a $3 billion merger that would develop the world’s biggest airline, with more than 10 major hubs, dominating in Chicago, New York and Los Angeles. This through economic analysis is not beneficial to the consumers has it reduces supply and variety. In a way, it creates the monopoly. Monopoly always tends to increase prices thus consumers suffer from increased ticketing prices. The main aim of the merger is to eliminate competition and not- beneficial to consumers. International trade assists firms in increasing profits and sales as there is expanded market. Firms, particularly in the petroleum industry, are able to increase their market share. International trade allows wealthy firms to use their resources particularly those in manufacturing – whether in labour, capital or technology - more efficiently. Since they possess more assets and natural resources (, labour, technology and capital) Consumers are very much attracted to brand. Despite the availability of other good in equal quality and price brand plays an important role in consumer decision. For example, many popular supermarkets may offer cheaper brand to consumers with their brand name but still, many consumers consider traditionally known a brand of goods. Purchasing decision of any consumer may largely depend on the influence of others. When close friends and family choose a product, the likelihood of it is preferred by a particular consumer is high. For instance, many people today in the US choose mobile operators of their friends or family members.  Ã‚  

Trade Barriers Essay Example for Free

Trade Barriers Essay Management across cultures Culture refers to the values and expectations of a group of people.* It is important for managers to ascertain the culture of the host country and adapt the organization. One way to manage the organisation in one country may not be appropriate in another. When managing the operations in a particular subsidiary an approach needs to be developed in line with cultural values to ensure greater cooperation and participation of employees as well as ease of dealings with local firms and national institutions. *Gooderham Nordhaug (2003, p. 131). Globalisation of production The globalization of production refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land, and capital). By doing this, companies hope to lower their overall cost structure or improve the quality or functionality of their product offering, thereby allowing them to compete more effectively. (Hill, 2011) Global Consumer Preferences Consumer tastes and preferences are converging, even though some national differences persist. Part of the reason for the development of worldwide tastes and preferences is the presence of the mass media, exposure to goods from various countries, and marketing strategies of multinational firms that tend to offer standardized products worldwide, because doing so costs less than customizing goods to local conditions. Luis R. Gomez-Mejia. Management. P.41 Integrated economic markets The objective of economic integration is to reduce or eliminate barriers to the free flow of goods, services, labor, capital, and other inputs of production between member nations. Two major regional economic groups are present in Asia. The oldest is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, formed in 1967. It includes Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The second is the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) group, founded in 1990. This group of countries has the potential to become highly influential if it were to turn itself into a free trade area. Doing so would make it the world’s largest trade bloc, because the 18 member states account for more than half of the world’s GNP. Luis R. Gomez-Mejia. Management. P.41

Homelessness and Children Essay -- essays research papers

Around the world millions of children are found homeless, sleeping in the streets, under bridges, or on deserted properties. Their days are spent hustling by prostitution or petty crimes. They prey on each other as well as people passing by that they manage to steal from. Yet still this is home to these children, where they are deprived of the most basic human needs, housing, food, and clothing. Since they have no family or relatives and no hope for the future, they have been tagged â€Å"Nobody’s Children† or â€Å"Throw away Kids†, living each day as if it were the last, causing them to become outlaws, which as a result is a threat to the security of the community we live in. There are various reasons that children are found homeless, ranging from their own desire to leave home to become independ...

ShineNatashia Unit

It is my job to work with the investigating detectives and the police department to build a sold case against Tim Masters. The burden Of proof rest souls on my shoulders, I must prove without a reasonable doubt that Tim Masters killed Peggy Whittier. My job is the hardest job of all the court actors. I have several rules of conduct I must follow to ensure that my case in lawful and does not violate any person rights. In the case of Tim Masters, used evidence found in his home to win he case against him.As the prosecuting attorney, I first had to look at the evidence presented by me from the police department and determine if this was enough evidence to try' Tim Masters for murder. Make the ultimate decision rather or not to take Tim Masters to court, give him a plea bargain, or send him somewhere for treatment, decided to take him to court. Defense Counsel As the defense attorney, represented Tim Masters, and defended him. It is my job to defend my client and make sure they don't get punished for a crime they did not commit.Due to the Sixth and Fourteen amendments, every defendant regardless of their ability to pay will have the right to a defense lawyer in most court cases. My client Tim Masters was accused of murdering Peggy Hatcheck, in a field close to his house, have to prove this was not true. All the evidence they has against my client was circumstantial, the prosecution used inadmissible evidence in court to convict Tim Masters. The great news is years later after two denied appeals, my client Tim Masters was exonerated of all charged and set free.

Low Involvement Theory Essay

1.0 BACKGROUND OF FOUNDER They are two founders who developed Interpersonal Deception Theory. Judee Burgoon or known as Professor Burgoon is the director of Human Communication Research for The Management of Information Centre. Besides that, she is also She is Professor of Communication and Professor of Family Studies and Human Development at the University of Arizona She was the PHD holder from West Virgina University. Professor Burgoon has authored 7 books and over 240 articles, chapters and reviews related to nonverbal and relational communication, interpersonal relationship, the impact of new communication technologies on human and human-computer interaction, and other researches. Among the theories that she almost notably linked are Interpersonal Adaptation Theory, Expectancy Violations Theory and Interpersonal Deception Theory. During her career, she has received many awards such as, NCA’s Golden Anniversary Monographs Awards, the Charles H. Woolbert Research Award for Scholarship of Lasting Impact. In 1999, she got the National Communication Association’s Distinguished Scholar Award, its highest award for lifetime of scholarly achievement. While in 2006, she awarded the Steven Chaffee Career Productivity Award. The awards that she gained show that she was talented American Academic. The second founder is David Buller. Professor David Buller was the Professor at Northern Illinois University. He was the philosophy professor. Besides that he also was the writer. Among his publication are Function, Selection and Design, in 1999, Adapting Minds, Evolutionary Psychology and the Persistent Quest for Human Nature in 2005. He has also contributed a lot in writing articles to books and journals. During his career, Buller has experience in finance, management, operations and sales. He has served as chairman of the Writing Committee for Social Studies Standards for Minnesota public schools. In his community he has served on the Hugo Planning Commission and political party precinct chair. As an active member of several professional organizations, he has been president of both the Strategic Leadership Forum and the Association for Corporate Growth. He was also a leader of the Edison Electric Institute Strategy Group and the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals. He was graduated from the Centre for Business Intelligence. He was died in 2011. 2.0 BACKGROUND OF THEORY Interpersonal deception theory (IDT) explain the interplay between active deceivers and detectors who communicate with multiple motives, who behave strategically, whose communication behaviours mutually influence one another to produce a sequence of moves and countermoves, and whose communication is influenced by the situation in which the deception transpires (EmGriffin, 2000). IDT attempts to explain the manner in which individuals deal with actual or perceived deception on the conscious and subconscious levels while engaged in face-to-face communication (Buller, 1996). This theory is an interpersonal theory that a set of unchanging assumptions concerning interpersonal communication in general and deception in particular. This theory is developed by Judee Burgoon and David Buller. The core ideas of IDT can be divided into two which are Interpersonal communication is interactive and strategies deception demands mental effort. Firstly, interpersonal communication is interactive means that interaction, rather than individuality, is at the core of their theory. For instance, if the encounter between you and Pat actually took place, both of you would be active participants, constantly adjusting your behaviour in response to feedback from each other. Whatever story you tell, you shouldn’t expect Pat to remain verbally and nonverbally mute (EmGriffin, 2000). (Judee K.Burgoon, 1996) Second idea is strategies deception demands mental efforts which means that successful deceiver must consciously manipulate information to create a plausible message, present it in a sincere manner, monitor reactions, prepare follow-up responses, and get ready for damage control of a tarnished image-all at the same time. For example, If you choose to be less than honest in your surprise encounter with Pat, you may find yourself unable to attend to every aspect of deception, and some of your communication behaviour will go on à ¢â‚¬Å"automatic pilot.† (EmGriffin, 2000). 3.0 MAIN CONCEPTS/ VARIABLES 3.1 Leakage Leakage concept is the behaviour outside of the deceptive Sender’s conscious control, mostly nonverbal in character, can signal dishonesty and it is applied in IDT. The concept was developed by Miron Zuckerman, who created a four-factor model to explain when and why leakage is apt to occur (A.Fos, 2005). First, deceiver’s intense attempt to control information can produce performances that come across as too slick. Second, lying causes physiological arousal. Third, the predominant felt emotions that accompany deceit are guilt and anxiety. Fouth, the complex cognitive factors involved in deception can tax the brain beyond its capacity (EmGriffin, 2000). Under the four-factor model the extreme concentration required by an individual engaged in deception and employing the compensating mechanisms to mask that deceit may result in their performance appearing polished or rehearsed. Lying also causes a sender to become psychologically and physiological aroused. Suc h arousal is difficult to mask and will eventually evidence itself. It is this very principle on which the polygraph machine is base (A.Fos, 2005). 3.2 Truth bias According to Burgoon and Buller, people tend to regard interpersonal message as honest, complete, direct, relevant and clear although when the speaker lying to them. McCornack claims that there exists an implied social contract that all of us will be honest with each other. It means that a mutual understanding that our messages will reflect reality as we know it. Besides that, Burgoon and Buller also convinced that people who know and like each other are particularly resistant to doubting ach others’ words. For example, the warmth relationships are motivated to find truth in whatever the other says and thus overlook or rationalize away statements that others might find questionable. (EmGriffin, 2000). 3.3 Suspicion Buller and Burgoon picture suspicion as a mid-range mind-set, located somewhere between truth and falsity. In spite of the many ways that respondents could become suspicious, Buller and Burgoon have found that it’s difficult to induce a deep-seated scepticism. Doubters tend to favour indirect methods to gain more information, but there is scant evidence that these probes help unmask deception (Judee K.Burgoon, 1996). Suspicion occurs when someone is tried to find the truth from the others. The person becomes suspicious with people who make them unconfident to believe what the others talk about. It usually happens when the person does not believe what the person says and he/she will not accept the word hundred percent truths. For instance, when you have cheated by someone, it is hard to believe that person again. You become suspicious to whatever the person says to you. 3.4 Interactivity Interpersonal deception theory views deception through the interactivity of interpersonal communication. As such, it considers deception as an interactive process between a sender and receiver. In contrast with previous studies of deception that focused on the sender and receiver individually, IDT focuses on the dyadic, relational and dialogic of deceptive communication. Next, Dyadic communication refers to communication between two people. A dyad is a group of two people between whom messages are sent and received. While relational means that refers to communication in which meaning is created by two people simultaneously filling the roles of both sender and receiver. Dialogic activity refers to the active communicative language of the sender and receiver, each relying upon the other within the exchange. Deception uses when the communication of one participant is deliberately false. For a variety of reasons, including receivers’ own cognitive loading from ongoing information management and the development of rapport between parties as interaction unfolds, receivers will typically judge senders more favorably than passive observers. Obviously, there is a correlation between the level of favorable impression of the sender and the ultimate chances of undetected deception (Burgoon, 1996). 3.5 Strategic behaviour When the Receiver doubts the truthfulness of the information conveyed they will give clues in the form of non-typical behaviours. This will occur even if they attempt to mask such behaviours. Strategic behaviour is the proper behaviour or reaction that people use to act like nothing is happen or trying to hide a secret or the truth. However, deceptive senders are by their nature more attuned to sensing suspicion than the receivers are to sensing deception. Thus, senders will adjust their message and its manner of presentation if they sense suspicion. This serves to make deception all the more difficult to detect. For instance, there is what is known as the â€Å"Othello error.† Individuals who are actually telling the truth behave in the same way when falsely accused or confronted with suspicion as do those guilty of actual deception. The term Othello error refers to the situation where a truth teller’s adaptation to a false accusation strikes the respondent as devious (Hearn, 2006). 3.6 Deception in Communication Buller and Burgoon are more concerned with an individual’s motivation than with their actual actions in determining deception. In their work they found that every deceptive act has, at its core, at least one of three motivations. The first is to accomplish some task or attain some goal. Second, the communication may be directed at maintaining or creating a relationship with the other party. Finally, deception is often used to save face of one or both of the parties to the communication. Most people are uncomfortable when engaging in deception. One way in which they deal with this feeling is to attempt to disassociate from the behaviour. For example, when people try to lie they try to react like normal but there must be something different like reducing eye contact or through their body movement. (Judee K.Burgoon, 1996) The other ways that senders deal with the deception is to engage in their masking behaviour. Masking is an attempt to protect the sender’s self-image and their relationship with the Receiver. When engaging in intentional deception senders will attempt to restrain any bodily cues which may signal deception. They may also engage in compensating behaviour, such as exhibiting extreme sincerity. The difficulty is that the detection of all of these behaviours can only be done if they are measured against the sender’s base-line behaviours (Judee K.Burgoon, 1996). 3.7 Falsification, Concealment and Equivocation One strategy is falsification where the deceiving party also referred as sender. While the person who is flat-out lies of the communication called as receiver. It means that the sender creates a fiction to deceit. For example the sender will creates a story that not really happen just only to lie or hide the truth. The second type of deception is concealment. In concealment the sender omits certain material facts which results in deceptive communication. Finally, equivocation is included in the roster of deceptive behaviour. When employing equivocation the Sender skirts issues by, for instance, by changing the subject or offering indirect responses (Hearn, 2006). Nonverbal cues A nonverbal cue is important element in IDT. People can detect deception through non verbal cues. Although people can manipulate their words, however it is difficult to hide their truth nonverbal cues. Nonverbal cues are including facial expression, eye contact, gestures and touch. When someone try to hide secret or lie, they are difficult to hide their facial expression and especially their eye contact with others. They try to reduce the eye contact with others and the way they talk, they move or react is little bit different from their usual reaction. 4.0 Development of IDT Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT) is generating from the concept of nonverbal cues to detect deception during conversation. The idea of this study was come from Sigmund Freud who studied about nonverbal cues in detecting deception among people. In his study, Freud observed a patient being asked about his darkest feelings. If his mouth was shut and his fingers were trembling, he was considered to be lying. From the situation, he tried to study more about nonverbal cues. Then, in 1989, DePaulo and Kirkendol developed the Motivation Impairment Effect (MIE). This occurs when a person’s motivation to succeed at lying negatively affects on the person’s performance, making the lie less convincing. (Kirekendol, 2011). MIE states the harder people try to deceive others, the more likely they are to get caught. Burgoon and Floyd, however, revisited this research and formed the idea that deceivers are more active in their attempt to deceive than most would anticipate or expect. For instance, DePaulo has estimated the human ability to detect deception at 53%, which she states is â€Å"not much better than flipping a coin.† She has also stated that â€Å"human accuracy is really just better than chance.† (Hearn, 2006). In 1996, IDT was developed by two communication professors, David B. Buller and Judee K. Burgoon. They restudied the studies made by Sigmund Freud, nonverbal cues, and then they observed DePaulo and Kirkendol† studies which they developed about Motivation Impairment Effect. Judee Burgoon and David Buller then combined both studies and they studied in depth about deception in conversation among people. Prior to their study, deception had not been fully considered as a communication activity, it is more like theory of communication strategies use to lie or hide the truth information from others. Previous work had focused upon the formulation of principles of deception. The principles of Interpersonal Deception Study were derived by evaluating the lie detection ability of individuals observing unidirectional communication (Hearn, 2006). The early studies of Interpersonal Deception Theory found initially that, although humans are far from perfect in their efforts to diagnose lies, they are substantially better at the task than would result merely by chance. However, this statement should be contrasted with subsequent statements made by the same researchers. Buller and Burgoon discount the value of highly controlled studies. Therefore, IDT is based on two-way communication and intended to describe deception as an interactive communicative process (Hearn, 2006). Based over years of the author’s and other scholars’ research, IDT expound on the dynamics properties of interpersonal communication, nonverbal behaviour, message processing, credibility and deception as it is achieved through interpersonal interaction. 5.0 Application of IDT IDT demonstrate that people are poor at detecting deception. Thus, it is crucial that one not rely upon a perceived ability to detect deception in the negotiation context. There are habitual liars who compulsively engage in deception. However, most people do not lie without reason. It is natural to think that deception would be beneficial to any negotiating party. Many statements will be made in the course of a negotiation. Not all statements will completely true or completely false. The language used to achieve a specific task can be varied as the people who feel a need to deceive. Yet Buller and Burgoon list some characteristic that reflect strategic intent. 5.1 Uncertainty and vagueness If we do not want our friend to know about our absent for class yesterday, we must keep the answer short and noncommittal. If we say, â€Å"I’m sick† the brevity precludes detail to challenge (Burgoon, 2000). Another way is to speak in the passive voice and use indefinite pronouns. 5.2 Nonimmediacy, reticence, and withdrawal We wish not to be there when our friend ask why we did not come to class yesterday. That desire to be out of the situation is often encoded in nonverbal actions. We might sit further apart that others, or lean back rather than forward as our answer. Words also can show nonimmediacy when the speaker changes verbs from present to past tense (Burgoon, 2000). 5.3 Disassociation This is the way of distancing yourself from what you have done. Levelers are inclusive terms that do this by removing individual choice (Burgoon, 2000). For example, we will tell our friends that everyone has done it and not attending class is normal. All of these linguistic constructions sever the personal connection between the actor and the act of deception. 5.4 Image- and relationship-protecting behavior Since discovery could hurt their reputations and threaten their relationship, they consciously strive to suppress the bodily cues that might signal deception. To mask the cues that leak out despite their best efforts, they try to appear extra sincere. Deceivers tend to nod in agreement when the respondent speaks, avoid interrupting, and smile frequently (Burgoon, 2000). 5.5 Flood the circuits Interpersonal Deception Theory demonstrates that when a Sender’s cognitive abilities are â€Å"overloaded† they will begin to leak. It stands to reason that the greater the load, the greater the leak and the easier its detection. Another major premise of Interpersonal Deception Theory is that individuals are poor lie detectors in one-on-one communication situations. Thus, it would appear to be to a negotiator’s advantage to increase the load on their opposite (Burgoon, 2000). 5.6 Falsification, Concealment and Equivocation One strategy is falsification where the deceiving party also referred as sender. While the person who is flat-out lies of the communication called as receiver. It means that the sender creates a fiction to deceit. For example the sender will creates a story that not really happen just only to lie or hide the truth. The second type of deception is concealment. In concealment the sender omits certain material facts which results in deceptive communication. Finally, equivocation is included in the roster of deceptive behaviour. When employing equivocation the Sender skirts issues by, for instance, by changing the subject or offering indirect responses (Hearn, 2006).

Free Essays on Barbed Wire By Mary Emeny

Barbed Wire by Mary Emeny Mary Emeny’s poem, â€Å"Barbed Wire,† depicts war as a negative force, destroying every decent aspect of human existence. Written during the Vietnam War, the work displays Emeny’s negative views on war. In one way or another everyone experiences and identifies with the presence of war. Although some wars are fought for justifiable reasons, every war tears into the lives of those undeserving. The tragic effects of war consume the innocent creating an unconquerable path of entanglement. The physical effects of war overwhelm the naà ¯ve causing pain and suffering. Initially, war entangles the lives of youth, destroying the innocence that they experience as an aspect of their life. The girl â€Å"glid[ing] gracefully down the path† (1) and the boy â€Å"rid[ing] eagerly down the road† (9) have their enjoyable realities striped by the harshness of war. Likewise, war enters women’s lives creating turmoil. The woman who works â€Å"deftly in the fields† ( ) no longer is able to experience the offerings of life. The â€Å"wire cuts,† ( ) pushing her away from the normal flow of life. In addition, man undergoes tragic obstacles as a result of war. â€Å"A man walks nobly and alone† ( ) before the horrible effects of war set in on his life causing disruptions. War enters the life of man destroying the bond man shares with his beloved environment ( ). Although a great deal of physical effects exist in Emeny’s work, the spiritual consequences of war serve as the most devastating ones. The will and spirit of those amidst the harshness of war diminishes because of the seriousness of war. Prior to the complexities of war, the â€Å"spirit flees gleefully to the clouds,† ( ) illustrating the freedom one expresses without repression. As soon as the â€Å"wire catches,† ( ) or the war commences, and intervenes with the lives of innocent bystanders, the innocence is lost. Furthermore, the hearts of the untainted human beings... Free Essays on Barbed Wire By Mary Emeny Free Essays on Barbed Wire By Mary Emeny Barbed Wire by Mary Emeny Mary Emeny’s poem, â€Å"Barbed Wire,† depicts war as a negative force, destroying every decent aspect of human existence. Written during the Vietnam War, the work displays Emeny’s negative views on war. In one way or another everyone experiences and identifies with the presence of war. Although some wars are fought for justifiable reasons, every war tears into the lives of those undeserving. The tragic effects of war consume the innocent creating an unconquerable path of entanglement. The physical effects of war overwhelm the naà ¯ve causing pain and suffering. Initially, war entangles the lives of youth, destroying the innocence that they experience as an aspect of their life. The girl â€Å"glid[ing] gracefully down the path† (1) and the boy â€Å"rid[ing] eagerly down the road† (9) have their enjoyable realities striped by the harshness of war. Likewise, war enters women’s lives creating turmoil. The woman who works â€Å"deftly in the fields† ( ) no longer is able to experience the offerings of life. The â€Å"wire cuts,† ( ) pushing her away from the normal flow of life. In addition, man undergoes tragic obstacles as a result of war. â€Å"A man walks nobly and alone† ( ) before the horrible effects of war set in on his life causing disruptions. War enters the life of man destroying the bond man shares with his beloved environment ( ). Although a great deal of physical effects exist in Emeny’s work, the spiritual consequences of war serve as the most devastating ones. The will and spirit of those amidst the harshness of war diminishes because of the seriousness of war. Prior to the complexities of war, the â€Å"spirit flees gleefully to the clouds,† ( ) illustrating the freedom one expresses without repression. As soon as the â€Å"wire catches,† ( ) or the war commences, and intervenes with the lives of innocent bystanders, the innocence is lost. Furthermore, the hearts of the untainted human beings...

How Popping Your Knuckles Works

How Popping Your Knuckles Works Do you pop your knuckles or do your joints crack when you work out or even get up out of a chair? Theres a simple scientific explanation for the phenomenon. To understand how the popping sound is produced, its helpful to know how joints work. How Joints Work Joints are where two bones meet. The ends of the bones are protected from rubbing against each other by caps of cartilage. If the joints werent protected, bone would grind against bone, which is painful as well as destructive. The articular cartilage is cushioned by viscous, clear synovial fluid, produced by a membrane that surrounds each joint. Synovial fluid lubricates joints, much like oil lubricates metal parts in your car engine, preventing hard parts from grinding themselves up. What Makes Joints Pop and Crack? When you pop your knuckles or crack any joint, youre pulling the bones in a joint away from each other. This opens up the space in the joint, reducing the pressure inside it. The lower pressure pulls gases dissolved in synovial fluid out of solution. When the oxygen and carbon dioxide become less soluble, they form bubbles. The pop you hear is the sound of bubbles forming, much like you hear bubbles form when you crack open a can of soda, lowering the pressure inside the can, so the dissolved carbon dioxide can form bubbles. Interesting Facts If you take an x-ray of a joint right after popping it, the bubble is visible. It increases the size of the joint about 15%. The bubble doesnt last forever, though. After about half an hour, the gases dissolve back into synovial fluid. Once you pop your knuckles, you cant pop them again right away, because you need dissolved gases to get the effect. Other pops and cracks in your joints that you can do over and over again most likely are ligaments snapping back into place. Is Popping Your Knuckles Bad for You? In either case, the popping sound may sound scary and annoy others, but there is no evidence that repeatedly cracking your joints is harmful. However, it may lead to weaker grip strength, possibly from stretching out the joint repeatedly.

Cars,culture and tactical technical communication Essay

Cars,culture and tactical technical communication - Essay Example We need to consider and put ourselves in the users place, focusing on relationships between technology and culture and creating more tactical technical communication of users as producers. Kimball discusses the importance of broadening the scope of technical communication, by focusing on Johnsons concept of the user-as-producer, which states that users are not just consuming or practicing products, but rather that they are producing knowledge derived from their experience, their daily lives especially, in the form of technological narratives. Kimball believes that the "Narrativity allows the prospect of users not only through producing and engaging in tactics, but also sharing with them through tales of fooling, tricking, and taking advantage of the strategic system." Kimball writes about how institutional strategies and individual tactics are different. And he introduces to us the de Certeaus concepts of Bricolage (making and doing what you can with what you have.) and la perruque (involving a pleasure in making something for its own sake) as tactics wherein users make use of appropriate things against strategies to suit their circumstances and purposes. As far as I am concerned, I think that we need to understand how users want to create new experiences and express their knowledge outside of what we design, along with how users get through and try to remove cultural resistance against authority. To make this mutation and integrated position between the reader and the author, linking objects to narrative is crucial. Kimball analyzed user communities with the help of two cases of Beetle and Locost. Muir and Champion, used a new way to talk about their manual, technological narratives, and people loved to make their own narratives beyond that. They focus on the Bricolage and la perruque ways of encouraging users to use and produce appropriate things as producer. I think the

Tanning Beds Should Be Banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tanning Beds Should Be Banned - Essay Example The tanning beds again are accessible as their popularity also enabled the growth of salons. Tanning bed salons are found in almost every area. The tanning service done indoors allows for a cosmetic tan in moderation and control of the skin form and a regulator that minimizes the danger of overexposure and sunburn. The affirmative psychological benefits of tanning can also be as a result of other factors saves for endorphins. The advantage alleged by the tanning industry with regards to the tanning indoors different from the outside tanning is the quantity of control the tanner bears. An often alleged advantage of non natural tanning is the increased production of Vitamin D. The utilization of Vitamin D offers a supplementary reliable, fair and clearly protected way to acquiring the desired Vitamin D (www.time.com, 1) Indoor tanning beds may perhaps or might not be valuable for the treatment of SAD. It is plausible that the advantage that numerous SAD patients experience is more as a result of tanning leaving a sense of good feeling in general, instead of treating the SAD itself because the tanning beds do not generate wavelength of light required for an efficient treatment of SAD. WHO on Tanning Beds and Cancer This article tackles the effects of tannin g bed as researched by The World Health Organization’s Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The article reports that tanning beds have hard harmful effects on populations as well cause cancer. WHO has declared tanning bed usage, a vital cancer danger. It reports that the organization ranked UV tanning beds to its highest cancer risk grouping, â€Å"carcinogenic to individuals." According to the article, the faction had previously categorized sun lamp and tanning bed application as potential â€Å"carcinogenic to humans.† It offers information connecting the indoor tanning to the lethal skin cancer melanoma which is ample and undeniable. A remarkable increase in melanoma, mostly among the youthfu l women, has been observed in recent years. Studies done imply that the past decade offers enough evidence to ascertain that, tanning bed use, has had a significant role, jointly with exposure to direct sun. A tan which excites many people who view it a sign of health are unaware of its dangers to the skin (Boyles, 1). The IARC faction met and reviewed the research on tanning beds as well as part played by ultraviolet light contact in skin cancer. They concluded that ultraviolet A (UVA), B (UVB) and ultraviolet C (UVC) radiations, all contribute in causing cancer, in animal forms. This is critical because as it contradicts the claims of the indoor tanning industry, which advocated that tanning beds were secure since the bulbs possessed more UVA radiation as compared to UVB. It is reported in the article that melanoma cases in the US have doubled between the periods of mid 1990s to 2004. The research argued that this rapid rise could not be elaborated by screening and prior detection of cancer. It was also reported that tanning before one reaches 30 years linked with an astounding 75% rise in melanoma hazard. It was also discovered that according to the article that young women suffering from cancer between 1973 and 2004 indicated tripling cases on melanoma (Boyles, 1). Reasons against tanning beds and their harm Although

Surveying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Surveying - Essay Example A developed sense of care for consumers and the associated convenience are factors. Customer utility and distribution, through outlet locations, are therefore important to Virgin Mega Store. The organization has few branches in the UAE and it is not planning to open new branches in other cities. This study explores the two factors with the aim of identifying possible strategies that the organization can use to increase its market share. Symmetrical types of questions were used for the study where by customers of Virgin Mega Store and customers of competitors will be asked same questions. The questions were further be a mixture of multiple choice questions, scaled responses, and questions for identifying the groups. Multiple-choice questions consisted of three to five choices, make 50 percent of the questions, and were proposed because they are fast to use. Scaled responses formed 30 percent of the questions and have the advantage of developing greater understanding into a problem. They will therefore help us to answer the research question. The remaining 20 percent of the questions aims at demographic identification. The offered possible answers are what the researchers consider possible responses. With 100 participants, different points of views were generated to inform on strengths and weaknesses of the company. The study will also help in identification of possible opportunities and threats for the company. Individuals who are between 12 and 30 years old are the study’s population. This is because young people forms a greater percentage of the population of the United Arab Emirates, than older people do, and are therefore likely to account for a significant share of the market. The nation is identified as one of the populations with the highest proportion of young people. The population is inclusive of both genders. Stratified random sampling strategy, which ensures a

Diaspora Placed By Amitav Ghosh English Literature Essay

Diaspora Placed By Amitav Ghosh English Literature Essay RECONFIGURATION OF DIASPORA IN THE CIRCLE OF REASON AND THE GLASS PALACE BY AMITAV GHOSH. Objective: To trace the the notions and feeling of diaspora placed by Amitav Ghosh in his two novels. Diaspora, etymologically derived from the Greek term diasperien where dia means across and sperien means to sow or scatter seeds, diaspora can perhaps be seen as a naming of the other which has historically refereed to displaced communities of people who have been dislocated from there native homeland through the movements of migration, immigration or exile. First used to describe the Jews living in exile from the homeland of Palestine, diaspora suggests a displacement from the homeland, circumstances or environmental location of origin and transfer in one or more nation states, territories or foreign countries. The term diaspora then has certain religious significance and pervaded medieval writings on the Jewish, to describe the plight of Jews living outside of Palestine (586BC.). Another early historical reference is the Black African diaspora, beginning in the sixteenth century with the slave trade, forcibly exporting West African out of their native land and dispersing them into the New World, parts of North America, South America , the Caribbean and elsewhere that slave labor was exploited through the middle passage. These early historical references reveal that diaspora is not always voluntary. Diaspora in, the rapidly changing world we now inhabit, speaks to diverse persons and communities moving across the globe from Kuala Lumpur to Sydney , Harare to Toronto , Paris to Marrakesh or even Calcutta to Trinidad, just as earlier in the twentieth century it mapped the movements of Palestinian refugees from Jerusalem to Amman or Beirut and Pakistani refugees from Karachi to Der-es- salaam. In thinking through the category of diaspora and its link to geographical entities such as nation states, it is thus crucial to consider the important role of nation formation and constitution during the post world war II era. While cultural and literary interrogate contemporary form of movement, displacement and dislocation from travel to exile. Mass migration movements, the multiple waves of political refugees seeking asylum in other countries, the reconfiguration of nation state, particularly in central the concept of nationhood take account of the specific geopolitical circumstances that precipitate the movement of people. The term diaspora used to describe the mass migration and displacement of the second half of the twentieth century, particularly in reference to independence to movements in formerly colonized areas, waves of refugees fleeing war-torn states and fluxes of economic migration. Diaspora has been particularly loosely associated with other terms, particularly transn ationalism, to describe the disjunction and fractured condition of late modernity, however , diaspora needs to be extricated from such loose association and its historical and theoretical specification made clear. While diaspora may be accurately described as transnationalist, it is not one and the same with transnationalism. Transnationalism may be defined as the course of citizens, thoughts, possessions and capital across nationalized territories in a way that undermines ethnic group and nationalism discrete categories of classification, money-making organization and political constitution. But there is a some what slight difference between diaspora and transnationalism, however, in that diaspora refers specifically to the movement forced or voluntary of the people from one or more nation state to another. Whereas transnationalism speaks to larger, more impersonal forces specifically those of globalization and global capitalism. Diasporic subjects are distincted by hybridity and h eterogeneity- artistic, linguistic, cultural, national and these subject are defined by the transversal of the borders demarcating nation and diaspora. Diaspora does not, however, transcends difference of race, class, gender and sexuality nor can diaspora stand alone as an epistemology and historical category of analysis, separate and distinct from interrelated categories. More complexly, diasporic scholars have suggested innovative and nuanced ways of thinking across the once demarcated terrains of identity and exploring the imbrications of ethnic and national categories, while offering insight into the cultural construction of identity in relation to nationality, diaspora, have, gender and sexuality, of course, class inflicts, if not haunts the formation of all these categories. To that end, class disrupts and complicates often in productive ways the intersection of race, gender and sexuality. Diaspora has been theorized from many diverse points of departure- East Asian, South Asi an, South East Asian, Asia Pacific, Carribean, South American, Latin American, African and Central European. Recent uses of homeland, rational ethnic identity and geographical location to deployment of diaspora conceptualized in term of hybridity or heterogeneity. While diasporic studies has emerged as an important new field of study , it is not without its critics. The term diaspora has been critiqued as being theoretically celebrated while ethologically indistinct and a historical. Some scholar, arguing that diaspora enters into a semantic field with other terms and terrains, such as that of exile, migrant, immigrant and globalization, have assented that diaporic communities are epitome of the transnationalist moment, other critics have resisted and critiqued such celebratory models of thinking diaspora, noting that such celebration are often a historical and apolitical, failing to note the different contexts allowing or prohibiting movement globally or even locally. For example, Bruce Robbins(1995) offers a close readings of four journals diaspora, boundary 2, social text and public culture that have broken new ground in stimulating and supporting work in the international area, the non specialist area beyond area studies, and each of the m see the work it publishes as in some senses adversarial(P97). In his analysis he describe diaspora as one of the four journals which has gone furtherest through never without qualification toward celebrating transnational mobility and the hybridity that results from it as simple and sufficient goods of themselves (P98). While Robbinss description of diaspora as a journal that celebrates transnational mobility is itself somewhat problematic, the article importantly as how and why do reputed academic journal contribute to and also map out terrain of intellectual engagement centering around the question of nation formation and migration within a transnational frame? And how do these journals valorize certain types of the theorization of nation specifically those centered on global mobility over others? Analogous of the problematic use of the term border within branches of area and ethnic studies in general, the term risks loosing specificity and critical merit if it is deemed to spea k for all movement and migration between nations, within nations, between cities and within cities. Some feel separated when they are out of their country while there are some people who feel separated and alienated even in their own country, and colonial power was one of the major reason for their alienation. Many Indian writers have contributed to the rich tradition of English literary studies. Writers like Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao and R.K.Narayan ,were the ones who made Indian English literature recognized and all were subjects of the British rule in India. Writers like Nirad. C.Chaudhari chosen the English coasts because his views were not willingly accepted in India. Salman Rushdies imaginary homeland encompasses the world over. Salman Rushdie, V.S Naipaul, Amitav Ghosh, Anita Desai, Rohinton Mistry, Vikram Seth have all made their names while residing abroad. These nonresident Indian writers have tried to discover the feelings of displacement in all of their literature. In one of his interviews, Amitav Ghosh said that I dont think migration signifies one thing. There are so many reasons why migrations take place it could be economic, social, political or even related to education. Amitav Ghosh is one of the well known face in English literature. His work received great critical acclaim: winning several awards and major nominations. His work deals with remarkable themes set against historical backdrops. His writings reveals about his subterranean connections and patterns. But his all the various ideas that inform his work are basically his characters whose life engages us and take us to some magnificent imagined places and times. Some of his novels are: The Circle of Reason (1986), Shadow Lines (1988), The Calcutta Chromosome (1995), The Glass Palace (2000), The Hungry Tide (2005), Sea of Poppies (2008). THE CIRCLE OF REASON The Circle of Reason is the first novel of Amitav Ghosh. The Circle of Reason is remarkable for many reasons. Its theme is different from traditional concerns of Indian English fiction. It challenges a direct and simple appreciation. In fact, it needs a different types of approach to be grasped fully. The book itself is sort of a paradox. It exuberates restlessness with extreme control and poise. The new thrust and lift that came to Indian English fiction duing late eighteenth and nineteenth century is partly due to this path breaking work. It is daring in its experimentation with form, content and language of the novel. The novel, although not strictly organized, is episodic in nature or we may call it picaresque. The novel is a journey in irregular. Traditionally the protagonist Alu should have gone from tama (darkness) to satwa (purity). Ghosh freely mixes a chain of thoughts. He superbly mixes past, present and future of his book. He describe one incident and if the incident links itself to any past happening, he immediately goes to that past incident. Through whole novel he played with changing consciousness. So the whole fabric of the novel keeps floating, goin backward and forward. In any case present is born out of past. So why should one not go to the great reservoir of memories, dreams and desires i.e past. The novel is crowded with characters. Alu is the only constant factor who lives by trial and error method, falls at times, stand up again and finally moves on to realize his potential, if he has any. The novel, without becoming a melancholic case history, underlines the troubled times, t hrough which all of us are living. Like a typical ended novel, it ends without providing readymade solution. There is a soothing effect at the end. Different threads seen to draw together yet there is no effort at preaching. In a typical picaresque fashion, Alu moves from Lalpukur in India to Al- Ghazira in Egypt and then to a small town in north eastern edge of the Algerian Sahara. The first section of the book contains many instances of migration. One of the instance from the book is that of Balarams birth year 1924, which forces author to think about the mass Indian migration to West. The People of Lalpukur, for example, had seen vomited out of their native soil(p 59) in the massacre connected with the partition of Indian. Within the novel people witnessed one more time that the spectacle of people being thrown miles away because of the civil war that led to the emergence of Bangladesh. The journey of Alu, although, does not bring any kind of satisfaction or success. It celebrat es the sense of unquiet wanderings. Its goes on and on searching a vision suitable for present timer. It is like chasing a phantom that ultimately vanishes into the thin air. The Circle of Reason has both historical as well as mythological elements . Mythical references have been moulded to reflect contemporary condition in a true new historicist fashion. Here ghosh nicely weaves ideas, characters and metaphors through magic and irony and develop his fictional motifs. Characters in the novel are not far from metaphors, they become metaphors. The charcters as well as different situation of the novel stand for rootlessness. Sometimes, I also wonder of our fascination about the idea of rootlessness. The present piece of work seems obsessed with his idea of migration. Migration, diasporic feeling, rootlessness and a new kind of sensibility born out of these factors what is new, typical and unique of our age is loneliness and sense of vacuum that comes with the individual migration or m igration of comparatively smaller groups. In real sense everyone is away from the roots- where have all the roots gone. There is nothing in this novel that can ordinarily be called a home. Sometimes novel seems confused and one is not sure about the city or village. Its goes back and forth from Bangladesh to Calcutta, then Middle East to Kerala. The story moves in very uncertain atmosphere. The novel can be called an eternal chronicle of restlessness, uncertainty and change. The novel basically tells three stories. The first part deals with the story of Balaram. He is rationalist and is very much influenced by Louis Pasteur. He has no involvement with people and he is equally cynical. Alu (Nachiketa), the protagonist, is a nephew of Balaram. He is a only one who survives in the family. The second part of the novel tells another tale. An earthly, zestful trader tries to bring together the communities of India and Middle East. But those efforts remain unrealistic. The third part in the story of Mrs. Verma, who, outrightly rejects the rational thinking. At the end of the novel, these three are in the search of newer horizon, unformed hopes and ideas. On an allegorical plane Alu is someone rooted in identity. But as we will see by his torturous wandering, Alu seems only to satirize his name. Ghosh divide man as mechanical man and other type of man can be easily assumed, thinking man. In this thinking, Ghosh, is talking about the Man on the loom or even furth er the idea behind on loom and not just the instrument. It is also the idea behind history. Loom united human race at times, it divides at other. It brought victories to some, subjugation to others. This passage is significant in its historical perspective, simply because the author here goes not to mere events or states of being but to themes that run then. The anti colonial note against the monopoly of hand shine cloth in obvious. There the relation of loom to computer, the most advanced achievement of Man at machine, is beautifully and factually established. Through this book Amitav Ghosh portrayed his diasporic feelings, loss of homeland and rootlessness which were clearly understandable and warmly felt. THE GLASS PALACE Tracing Indian lives in Burma, Amitav Ghoshs The Glass Palace (2000) recall Burma as a part of British India. Ghosh, who is from India, attempt to bring the suppressed history of subaltern in this novel. The Glass Palace is therefore condemned to record in exit ential dilemma. Where in the subjects is inevitably partitioned, a confused refugee never quite focus nor contained within the frame. Ghoshs characters, in this most spacious of his fiction, literally include both kings (Thebaw, Queen Supalayat, The Burmese Princess) and commoners ( Dolly, Raj Kumar, Saya John, Uma) but what unities them all is the unavoidable narrative of colonial dislodgment. If any single motif frames the grand picture, it is the occurrence of the English soldiers. That these soldiers as turn out more often that be Indian sepoys and some time ever, Indian officers- compound the puzzling effect. As Ghosh tells us , that smoke of dusts tend to hang over the imposing scenario. Whole cities are on the run and it is often impossible to see far given the apprehensive conditions. The Glass Palace of his title, it turn out, indicates both the magnificient half of mirrors which form the centre piece of the Mandalay residence of Burmese royalty are the name of a small photo studio where the books action appropriately ends. A writers business was to write and problematic values could, in his view, be interrogated as effectively in chapter sixteen. The rest of the forty eight chapters of The Glass Palace concern, during period of history both harrowing and exciting, the interaction between three families: of Dolly and Raj Kumar in Burma, of Uma and her brother in India and of say John, Raj Kumar and Matthew in Malaysia. Ghoshs novel, one can argue that coincidence represents what post modernist would call break in the logic of narration, just as post colonialism mark a disjunction from the earlier trajectory of colonialism. Migration in this book of Amitav Ghosh is the real experience: the protagonist suffer from it to larger extent as the role was assigned to him. Ghosh tries to focus on the reason of Indian involvement in imperialism and also takes in the economic perspective. Many Indians who were in the roles of businessmen and soldiers were involved and victims who throughout helped the British to conquer and sustain their empire. Other characters of the novel struggled for the Indian independence and few even revolted against the Britishers. In the light of emigration as a worldwide phenomenon it is indeed, Ghosh in his novel The Glass Palace managed to confine the past and what it must have meant to move to abroad settled down there and then be thrown out of there by war. It gives out the feeling of conquered and exploited and the terrible pressures and tensions of those people who were part of more than one ethnicity and culture, an almost usual result of the movement of people and the British empire set in motion. In his writings, Amitav Ghosh portrayed his diasporic feelings, loss of homeland and rootlessness which were clearly understandable and warmly felt while going through his work. Selected Bibliography Ghosh, Amitav , The circle of reason, publish (ravi dayal publishers) 2003 Ghosh, Amitav, the glass palace, new York, random house inc,2002 The Indian Diaspora: Dynamics of Migration,(sage publication)2004 Robbins, Bruce, Internationalism in Distress. Essays : The Imam and the Indian (2002) Exile literature and Diasporic Indian writers by Amit Shankar Saha Interviews: Migration of the reality of my times by Amitav Ghosh to India e news.

Psychotherapy for Anorexia Nervosa Essay -- Health Disorders Weight Lo

Psychotherapy for Anorexia Nervosa What is anorexia? Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that consists of self-regulated food restriction in which the person strives for thinness and also involves distortion of the way the person sees his or her own body. An anorexic person weighs less than 85% of their ideal body weight. The prevalence of eating disorders is between .5-1% of women aged 15-40 and about 1/20 of this number occurs in men. Anorexia affects all aspects of an affected person's life including emotional health, physical health, and relationships with others (Shekter-Wolfson et al 5-6). A study completed in 1996 showed that anorexics also tend to possess traits that are obsessive in nature and carry heavy emotional reliance on other people (Herpertz-Dahlmann et al 461). Dependency, self-directed hostility, and assertiveness did not correlate highly with anorexia nervosa as assumed (Rogers and Petrie 138). In addition, anorexics tend to require constant hospitalization which incur personal and systematic costs (Shekter-Wolfs on et al 6-7). Methods of Clinical Assessment In order for a person to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, they must possess the two essential psychological symptoms of the drive for thinness and the body image distortion problem. According to the DSM-IV, anorexics are categorized into two categories, restricting and binge-eating/purging types. Another assessment device is the Eating Attitudes Test and the Eating Disorders Inventory. The evaluation of an affected person should be multidimensional and comprehensive because of the severity of this problem (Shekter-Wolfson et al 10). After this has taken place, a formal interview with the client is conducted. This interview consists... ...9: 101-105. Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Wewetzer, C., Hennighausen, K., and Remschmidt, H. (1996). Outcome, Psychosocial Functioning, and Prognostic Factors in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa as Determined by Prospective Follow-up Assessment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 25: 455-465. Rogers, Rebecca L., and Petrie, Trent A. (1996). Personality Correlates of Anorexic Symptomatology in Female Undergraduates. Journal of Counseling and Development. 75: 138-141. Shekter-Wolfson, Lorie F., Woodside, D. Blake, and Lackstrom, Jan D. (1997). Social Work Treatment of Anorexia and Bulimia: Guidelines for Practice. Research on Social Work Practice. 7: 5-20. White, Mark B. (1997). How Good is Family Therapy? A Reassessment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 23: 93-94. Yager, Joel (1994). Psychosocial Treatments for Eating Disorders. Psychiatry. 57: 153-168.

Paradoxical Twins Case Analysis Essay

1. At the end of Part I, how would you describe the organization design of both Omega and Acme? What factors led you to this conclusion? By the end of Part I, it is clear that Acme is a more mechanistic organization focusing on efficiency and profits, while Omega aligns itself with an organic organization structure focusing on cooperation, collaboration, and integration. Acme is mechanistic with a clear vertical structure; this conclusion is reached when looking at various factors. Factors include the degree of specialization, formalization, and centralization. Mechanistic structures are highly specialized, highly formalized, and centralized similar to Acme. Specialization can be seen through narrow job descriptions with clear responsibilities, while high formalization can be seen through the well-defined organizational charts and â€Å"tight ship† management style. The high level of both specialization and formalization indicate a centralized environment, which is verified in Part I by the fact that managers wish they had greater decision-making influence (â€Å"more latitude†). Furthermore, the structure at Acme has an end goal of efficiency and cost control, similar to most mechanistic organizations. Omega, on the other hand, has an organic structural design with an emphasis on collaboration, cooperation, and employee satisfaction across and among departments. This emphasis shows Omega’s focus on effectiveness, especially in the internal process, which combined with management’s team-based emphasis on making everyone feel as if they are part of the team and taking the time to listen to suggestions (a little too much time occasionally) furthers the conclusion that the company is organic. Furthermore, CEO Rawls does not believe in organization charts or written memos indicating low formalization and a decentralized decision-making process (without organization charts, authority is less defined). Low specialization can be seen through one workers initial experience at Omega where he or she worked in two different departments within the first two days. Both facts (low specialization and formalization) are indicative of a horizontal structure that aligns with the conclusion that omega is more organic. 2. At the end of Part III, how can you explain the differences between what happened at Acme and at Omega? (Link the background facts with the behavior and problems and then to the outcomes observed, and then explain the relationships between these three elements.) At Acme, Tyler led the authority and assigned tasks to each department once the project came in, but cross-department communication was lacking. The rigid organizational structure with set rules and procedures did not allow for the departments to collaborate. Instead, departments were functional and focused only on the task for their section. Furthermore, Tyler was not being informed of the errors occurring in each department perhaps because in a large, hierarchical system it takes longer for information to reach its end destination (whether that be the top or bottom). His â€Å"hit the roof† mentality took a blame approach, which is not productive for employee morale. Read more:  Essay on Paradoxical Twins Acme The photocopier manufacturer mentioned that in this phase, speed was critical. Mechanistic structures work better in stable, known, simple environments where situations are routine and the goal is control and efficiency. This prototype production process involved greater uncertainty considering the prototype had to be produced before final designs were approved. Furthermore, the routine for this process was still being developed. Due to the unknown, changing, and non-routine nature of this project, an organic structure such as Omega was bound to due better because it is more flexible and adaptable. At Omega, Rawls immediately set up an initial meeting where all the departments heads could discuss the project together and collaborate. Though the start up time took longer this way, problems were solved up front so time was saved later, quality was improved, and bottlenecks reduced. Cross communication and collaboration is key with a non-routine process and greater interdependence level was required. The level of interdependence required proved to be a negative aspect for Acme due to the lack of cross-department communication, but worked in Omega’s favor. It is important that structure align with strategy, and in this initial case Omega’s organic, team-based structure aligned with the speed strategy that the photocopier had required. When information is shared in a quick manner, without vertical impediments, the whole process moves along much more quickly and collaboration enables efficiency. Through coordination and the team-based mentality at Omega, the company was able to take a problem-solving approach and address issues of design errors up front whereas Acme did not even realize the design flaw because of the organizations focus on high specialization. Each department focused only on what they specialize in so errors were nearly impossible to catch. Acme’s inflexible structure required the company to go back to the beginning when the new design was approved, setting the company further back. Omega, on the other hand, adjusted easily to the new design because of its adapting nature. Tyler, as a leader, made the mistake of assuming the team would work as efficiently as they have in the past considering this project was a rush priority with a different required strategy and different end goals. Tyler made it a point to communicate new developments to the photocopier company, but he did not communicate any of the issues/developments that were arising. Rawls, on the other hand, communicated instantly with the photocopier company once the flaw was discovered. Essentially, the problem was the same for both companies—certain parts could not be received on time and engineering the assembly was difficult. However, how each organization approached the problem, as led by the type of structure in place, is what led Omega to succeed and meet the speed deadline determined by the photocopier company. Omega’s organic, adaptable, collaborative structure was more efficient for problem-solving scenarios, which this project was and allowed Omega to meet the deadline 10 days before Acme and with greater reliability. Acme’s vertical structure with rigid procedures would take longer to communicate problems from the bottom to the top. It took longer time to take action with Acme’s formal, hierarchical structure. These factors combined with its inflexible nature led Acme to be outdone by Omega. 3. At the end of Part IV, how can this turnabout be explained? Ultimately, the goal for phase two, once the prototype was developed was to cut costs and ensure quality control. Given that the production process had already been created, this second phase project had a greater degree of certainty and routine. Once each company figured out how to engineer the assembly, the process became routine, which is better suited for a mechanistic structure. If your end goal is to cut costs, specialized and rigid structures are better and more efficient as Porter’s low cost strategy shows. The degree of routine allowed each functional team (department) at Acme to focus on their specialization, which eliminated the problem of quality control. There was no guessing this time of how to best assemble the product. More time could be spent on figuring out ways to cut costs. When control and efficiency are the end goal, a mechanistic structure works better than an organic, adaptable, and problem solving structure. Organic structures are contingency-based, which was not as helpful in this case because of the greater degree of certainty. Omega should have been seeking ways to reduce costs, but instead focused too much on collaboration this time and on the management philosophy of maintaining employee satisfaction. Once again we see that when strategy (low cost) does not align with structure (organic), the end result is not achieved. Omega’s lack of detailed organization charts and specific job responsibilities most likely created internal confusion as well. At Acme tasks became standardized and job roles were well defined. At Omega, job roles were not clearly defined, and it is possible that, as mentioned earlier, too much time was spent on â€Å"listening to suggestions and making sure everyone understood what was going on.† While Acme was focusing on doing things right, Omega was focusing on doing the right thing. Also, considering the high volume that needed to be produced, it makes sense that Acme received the contract in the end since the company specialized in low cost, high volume projects. 4. If you were to consult with the Presidents of Acme and Omega, what advice would you give (to each one) concerning future survival and success of their firms? Explain your reasoning. What each company should learn from this example is that it is never ideal to be too mechanistic (rigid and structured) or too organic (loose and flexible). Each has its benefits depending on the type of project and what the end goals are, but as this case demonstrates each company failed at least once and succeeded once. Acme’s president should try to integrate some organic components into their structure, and Omega should integrate mechanistic components into their structure. A hybrid system would be ideal to get the best of both structures. A matrix, in essence, would prove to be a more efficient and effective structure. Well defined authority structures are needed so that workers are not confused about what their roles and tasks are, and collaborative environments should be encouraged as well in case there are times where problem solving needs to be done. To be more specific, at Acme, instead of acting as functional teams, the teams should be cross-functional which allows for collaboration, and the managers should be given a greater level of decision-making power (increased lateral). Something needs to be done so that it does not take so long for information to travel. Tyler should consider investing in an HR department if one does not already exist and on the internal environment because satisfied workers are generally more efficient. If a worker feels like they are a part of the team, he or she will want the company to succeed and work better towards that goal. Tyler should have department heads be on the same horizontal level and ensure cross communication occurs. So that he doesn’t have to do this himself, the idea of a project manager can be introduced. Someone from the outside can be brought in to coordinate between the departments and ensure deadlines are being met and that solutions are being worked on when a problem arises. At Omega, job responsibilities should be narrowed and clearer and greater measures should be taken to maintain control. There should be some sense of an authoritative figure or two. There seems to be a lack of line authority and without unity of command, there is room for confusion. Rawls should not spend so much time listening to suggestions and can instead hire someone to do that for him. As head of the company, he should be focusing on bringing in business and not trying to micro-manage everyone. In this company, there is too great a degree of lateral structure. Instead of everyone meeting together all the time, only department heads should be meeting regularly. The heads can have greater discussion with their own team and then report back to one another. A structured flow of ideas will save time. Greater specialization and formalization is needed because if workers are unsure of what their roles are how can they be expected to perform. Broader categories can be established such a s marketing, operations, engineering, etc. Rawls should also look into written communication to ensure the company is well organized. Meetings take up a greater amount of time, and with writing there may not always be a need to physically meet. It is important to remember that structure and strategy alignment will lead to success. Therefore, the structure must be somewhat flexible to adapt to strategy, but rigid enough to address end objectives such as cutting costs and maintaining efficiency. The matrix structure is the ideal balance, combining the best of both mechanistic and organic to achieve business objectives. The best part is that it can be tailored to each organization so Acme can retain it’s vertical nature for the most part and Omega can still focus on collaboration, but elements of the opposing type are introduced to achieve greater balance. â€Å"This is my own work. I have not discussed this case with anyone, nor have I used someone else’s write-up of the case, either current or past students or from the Internet.†